Standard ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2271-2023 edition, yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa chitetezo cha batri ya Light Electric Vehicle (LEV), inasindikizidwa mu September 2023 kuti ilowe m'malo mwa chikhalidwe chakale cha 2018. , zofunikira zamapangidwe, ndi zofunikira zoyesa.

Kusintha kwa matanthauzo

• Tanthauzo la Addition of Battery Management System (BMS): Chigawo chowongolera batire chokhala ndi zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimayang'anira ndikusunga ma cell mkati mwa gawo lawo lopangira: komanso zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchulukitsitsa, kuchulukira, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha pang'ono komanso kutulutsa kwa ma cell.
• Kuwonjeza Tanthauzo la Njinga Yamoto Yamagetsi: Galimoto yamagetsi yokhala ndi mpando kapena chishalo kuti agwiritse ntchito wokwerayo ndipo yapangidwa kuti iziyenda osapitirira mawilo atatu polumikizana ndi groud, koma thalakitala.Njinga yamoto yamagetsi ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamisewu yapagulu kuphatikiza misewu yayikulu.
• Kuwonjeza Tanthauzo la Electric Scooter: Chipangizo cholemera mapaundi osakwana zana chomwe:

a) Lili ndi zogwirizira, matabwa pansi kapena mpando womwe ungathe kuyimitsidwa kapena kukhazikitsidwa ndi woyendetsa, komanso injini yamagetsi;

b) Itha kuyendetsedwa ndi mota yamagetsi ndi/kapena mphamvu yamunthu;ndi

c) Imakhala ndi liwiro lopitilira 20 mph pamtunda wamtunda pomwe imayendetsedwa ndi mota yamagetsi yokha.

Kusintha kwa zitsanzo za LEV: Njinga yamoto yamagetsi imachotsedwa ndipo magalimoto osayendetsedwa ndi ndege (UAV) amawonjezedwa.

• Kuwonjezedwa kwa Personal E-mobility Tanthauzo la Chipangizo: Gulu la ogula lomwe limapangidwira wokwera m'modzi wokhala ndi sitima yamagetsi yowonjezedwanso yomwe imayendetsa ndikuyendetsa wokwerayo, ndipo whcih ikhoza kupatsidwa chogwirira kuti agwire pokwera.Devide iyi ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika kapena ayi.
• Kuwonjeza matanthauzo a Chitetezo Chachikulu Kwambiri, Chitetezo Chachikulu Chachitetezo, Zida Zoteteza Zogwira Ntchito, ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza.
• Kuwonjezedwa kwa Maselo a Sodium Ion matanthauzo: Ma cell omwe amafanana pomanga ndi ma cell a lithiamu ion kupatula kuti amagwiritsa ntchito sodium ngati ion yoyendera ndi electrode yabwino yokhala ndi sodium pawiri, ndi carbon kapena anode yamtundu wofananira wokhala ndi amadzimadzi kapena osakhala amadzi. ndi mchere wa sodium pawiri wosungunuka mu electrolyte.

Kusintha kwa zofunikira zamapangidwe

Zigawo za Metallic Kukana Kuwonongeka

1. Mental Electric Energy Storage Assemblie (EESA) zitsulo sizikhala ndi dzimbiri.Mipanda yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi iyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zokana dzimbiri:

Mkuwa, aluminiyamu, kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri;ndi

b) Mkuwa kapena mkuwa, womwe uli ndi 80% yamkuwa.

2.Kuwonjezera zofunika kukana dzimbiri m'malo achitsulo:

Zotsekera zachitsulo zopangira m'nyumba ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisawonongeke ndi enameling, penti, malata, kapena njira zina zofananira.Mipanda yachitsulo yopangira panja iyenera kutsatira mayeso opopera mchere wa maola 600 mu CSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E.Njira zowonjezera zopezera chitetezo cha dzimbiri malinga ndi CSA C22.2 No. 94.2 / UL 50E zikhoza kulandiridwa.

Miyezo ya Insulation ndi Kuyika Kuteteza

Kutsatiridwa kwa njira yotetezera nthaka kungawunikidwe molingana ndi mayeso atsopano anzeru a muyezo uwu - kuyesa kopitilira muyeso.

Kusanthula Chitetezo

1.Kuwonjezera zitsanzo za kusanthula chitetezo.Kuwunika kwachitetezo chadongosolo kuyenera kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zotsatirazi sizowopsa.Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pang'ono, koma sizimangokhala:

a) Battery cell over-voltage and under-voltage;

b) Kutentha kwa batri komanso kutentha pang'ono;ndi

c) Kuchuluka kwa batri pakalipano komanso momwe amaziyitsira.

2.Kusintha kwa chipangizo choteteza chitetezo (hardware) zofunika:

a)Zofunikira za Farilure-Mode ndi Kusanthula Zotsatira (FMEA) mu UL 991;

b) Kuteteza Kuzolakwa Zam'kati Kuonetsetsa Zofunikira Zachitetezo Pantchito mu UL 60730-1 kapena CSA E60730-1 (Ndime H.27.1.2);kapena

c)The Protection Against Faults to See Functional Safety amafuna (Zofunikira za M'kalasi B) mu CSA C22.2 No.0.8 (Gawo 5.5) kuti mudziwe kutsatiridwa ndi kuzindikira mayesero oyenerera kuti atsimikizire kulekerera kulakwa kumodzi.

3.Kusintha kwachitetezo chachitetezo cha doevide (mapulogalamu):

a) UL 1998;

b) Zofunikira za Mapulogalamu Kalasi B za CSA C22.2 No.0.8;kapena

c)Zofunikira pa Ma Contrils Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mapulogalamu (Zofunikira pa Mapulogalamu a Gulu B) mu UL 60730-1 (Ndime H.11.12) kapena CSA E60730-1.

4.Kuwonjezera zofunikira za BMS zoteteza ma cell.

Ngati kudaliridwa kusunga ma cell mkati mwa malire awo ogwiritsira ntchito, makina oyendetsera batire (BMS) azisunga ma cell mkati mwamagetsi omwe atchulidwa m'maselo ndi malire omwe alipo kuti atetezedwe kuchulutsa komanso kutulutsa kwambiri.BMS iyeneranso kusunga ma cell mkati mwa malire omwe aperekedwa kuti atetezedwe ku kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwa ntchito.Mukawunika mabwalo achitetezo kuti muwone kuti malire ogwiritsira ntchito ma cell akusungidwa, kulolerana kwa gawo / gawo loteteza kumaganiziridwa pakuwunika.Zida monga ma fuse, zophulitsa ma circuit kapena zida zina ndi magawo omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi ofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito makina a batri omwe amafunikira kuperekedwa kumapeto kwa LEV, adzadziwika mu malangizo oyika.

Kuwonjezera zofunika chitetezo dera.

Ngati malire ogwiritsira ntchito apyola, dera loteteza liyenera kuchepetsa kapena kutseka kulipiritsa kapena kutulutsa kuletsa maulendo opitilira malire.Zowopsa zikachitika, dongosololi lidzapitiliza kupereka chitetezo kapena kupita kumalo otetezeka (SS) kapena kuwongolera chiopsezo (RA).Ngati ntchito yachitetezo yawonongeka, dongosololi lidzakhalabe pamalo otetezeka kapena chiopsezo choyankhidwa mpaka ntchito yachitetezo itabwezeretsedwa ndipo dongosololi likuwoneka kuti ndilovomerezeka kugwira ntchito.

Zowonjezera zofunikira za EMC.

Ma circuit state state ndi zowongolera zamapulogalamu, zomwe zimadaliridwa ngati chitetezo choyambirira, ziwunikiridwa ndikuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chamagetsi molingana ndi Electromagnetic Immunity Tests of UL 1973 ngati sichinayesedwe ngati gawo la kuwunika kwachitetezo.

Selo

1.Kuwonjezera zofunika kwa maselo a sodium ion.Maselo a sodium ion ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za cell ion sodium UL/ULC 2580 (zofanana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi kuyika chizindikiro pama cell achiwiri a lithiamu mu UL/ULC 2580), kuphatikiza kutsata mayeso onse a magwiridwe antchito a maselo.

2.Kuwonjezera zofunikira za maselo opangidwanso.Mabatire ndi makina a batire omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma cell opangidwanso ndi mabatire azionetsetsa kuti zida zomwe zidasinthidwazo zadutsa m'njira yovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito molingana ndi UL 1974.

Kuyesa Kusintha

Mayeso Owonjezera

• Kuwonjezera kofunika kuti panthawi yoyesedwa, mphamvu ya ma cell iyenera kuyesedwa.
• Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira kuti Ngati BMS imachepetsa kuyitanitsa kwamagetsi ku valavu yotsika pafupi ndi mapeto a gawo la malipiro, chitsanzocho chiyenera kulipidwa mosalekeza ndi kuchepetsedwa kwamakono mpaka zotsatira zomaliza zichitike.
• Kuchotsa zofunikira kuti ngati chipangizo chotetezera chomwe chili muderali chikugwira ntchito, kuyesako kubwerezedwa kwa mphindi zosachepera 10 pa 90% yaulendo wa chipangizocho kapena pagawo lina laulendo lomwe limalola kulipiritsa.
• Kuwonjezera chofunika kuti pa chifukwa cha overcharge mayeso, pazipita nawuza volatge kuyeza pa maselo sayenera upambana awo yachibadwa ntchito dera.

mtengo wapamwamba

• Kuwonjezera Mayeso Okwera Kwambiri (Zofunika Zoyesa Zofanana ndi UL 1973);
• Kuchedwa kwa BMS kumaganiziridwanso muzotsatira za mayeso: Kuchulukitsitsa kwa magetsi kungathe kupitirira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikulipiritsa kwakanthawi kochepa (mkati mwa masekondi angapo) zomwe zili mkati mwa nthawi yochedwa ya BMS kuzindikira.

Dera Lalifupi

• Imathetsa kufunikira kwakuti ngati chipangizo choteteza mderali chikugwira ntchito, kuyesako kumabwerezedwanso pa 90% ya malo achitetezo achitetezo kapena pagawo lina laulendo lomwe limalola kulipiritsa kwa mphindi 10.

OverloadPansiKutulutsaTEst

• Kuonjezera Kuchulukira Pansi Pakuyesa Kutaya (zofunikira zoyesa ndizofanana ndi UL 1973)

Kutaya thupi

• Kuwonjezera kofunika kuti magetsi a maselo aziyesedwa panthawi yoyesedwa.
• Kuwonjezera chofunika kuti chifukwa cha overdischarge mayeso, osachepera kumaliseche voteji kuyeza pa maselo sayenera upambana awo yachibadwa ntchito osiyanasiyana.

Kuyeza kwa Kutentha (Kukwera kwa kutentha)

• Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira kuti ngati ma parameters okwera kwambiri amasiyana ndi kutentha, kulemberana pakati pa zolipiritsa ndi kutentha kudzafotokozedwa momveka bwino m'malangizo oyendetsa ndipo DUT idzaperekedwa pansi pazigawo zowopsya kwambiri.
• Sinthani chofunikira cha pre-condition.Kulipiritsa ndi kukhetsa kumabwerezedwanso kwa kuchuluka kwa 2 kokwanira kokwanira ndi kutulutsa, mpaka zotsatizana zotsatizana ndi kutulutsa zikuyenda sizikupitilira kuwonjezera kutentha kwa cell kuposa 2 °C. mu mtundu wakale)
• Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira kuti chitetezo cha kutentha ndi zipangizo zotetezera zowonjezera sizigwira ntchito.

Grounding Continuity Test

Kuphatikiza kwa Grounding Continuity Test (zofunikira zoyesa ndizofanana ndi UL 2580)

Mayeso Ololera Mapangidwe a Cell Imodzi

Mabatire achiwiri a lithiamu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zovoteledwa zokulirapo kuposa 1kWh adzayang'aniridwa ndi Mayeso a Kulekerera Kulephera Kwa Selo Limodzi la UL/ULC 2580).

Chiduley

Mtundu watsopano wa UL 2271 umayimitsa njinga zamoto zamagetsi pamtundu wazinthu (njinga zamoto zamagetsi zidzaphatikizidwa ndi UL 2580) ndikuwonjezera ma drones;ndikukula kwa mabatire a sodium-ion, ma LEV ambiri amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati magetsi.Zofunikira zama cell a sodium-ion zimawonjezedwa mumtundu watsopano.Pankhani ya kuyezetsa, zambiri zoyeserera zasinthidwanso ndipo chidwi chambiri chaperekedwa pachitetezo cha cell.Kuthamanga kwamafuta awonjezedwa pamabatire akulu.

M'mbuyomu, mzinda wa New York udalamula kuti mabatire a njinga zamagetsi, ma scooters amagetsi, ndi magalimoto opepuka amagetsi (LEV) agwirizane ndi UL 2271. Kukonzanso koyenera uku ndikuwongoleranso mokwanira chitetezo cha batire panjinga zamagetsi ndi zida zina.Ngati makampani akufuna kulowa bwino pamsika waku North America, ayenera kumvetsetsa ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamiyezo yatsopano munthawi yake.