Mavuto a ku Nyanja Yofiira atha kusokoneza zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi
Nyanja Yofiirazovuta zitha kusokoneza kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi,
Nyanja Yofiira,
▍Kodi cTUVus & ETL CERTIFICATION ndi chiyani?
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), yogwirizana ndi US DOL (Department of Labor), ikufuna kuti zinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuntchito ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi NRTL zisanagulitsidwe pamsika. Miyezo yoyezetsa yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikuphatikiza miyezo ya American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Miyezo ya American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), Miyezo ya Underwriter Laboratory (UL), ndi miyezo ya bungwe lozindikiritsa fakitale.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL ndi UL matanthauzo ndi ubale
OSHA:Chidule cha Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Ndi mgwirizano wa US DOL (Department of Labor).
Mtengo wa NRTL:Chidule cha Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory. Ndiwoyang'anira kuvomerezeka kwa labu. Mpaka pano, pali mabungwe oyesa 18 omwe avomerezedwa ndi NRTL, kuphatikiza TUV, ITS, MET ndi zina zotero.
cTUVus:Chizindikiro cha TUVRh ku North America.
Mtengo wa ETL:Chidule cha American Electrical Testing Laboratory. Idakhazikitsidwa mu 1896 ndi Albert Einstein, woyambitsa waku America.
UL:Malingaliro a magawo a Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍Kusiyana pakati pa cTUVus, ETL & UL
| Kanthu | UL | cTUVus | Mtengo wa ETL |
| Mulingo wogwiritsidwa ntchito | Momwemonso | ||
| Institution yoyenerera kulandira satifiketi | NRTL (Labu yovomerezedwa ndi dziko lonse) | ||
| Msika wogwiritsidwa ntchito | North America (US ndi Canada) | ||
| Testing ndi certification institution | Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc imayesa ndikutulutsa kalata yomaliza ya polojekiti | MCM imachita mayeso ndi satifiketi yotulutsa TUV | MCM imachita mayeso ndi satifiketi yotulutsa TUV |
| Nthawi yotsogolera | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Mtengo wofunsira | Wapamwamba kwambiri mnzako | Pafupifupi 50 ~ 60% ya mtengo wa UL | Pafupifupi 60-70% ya mtengo wa UL |
| Ubwino | Bungwe laku America lomwe limadziwika bwino ku US ndi Canada | Bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lili ndi ulamuliro ndipo limapereka mtengo wokwanira, womwe umadziwikanso ndi North America | Bungwe la America lomwe limadziwika bwino ku North America |
| Kuipa |
| Chidziwitso chocheperako kuposa cha UL | Kuzindikirika kocheperako kuposa kwa UL pakutsimikizira gawo lazinthu |
▍Chifukwa chiyani MCM?
● Thandizo Lofewa kuchokera ku qualification ndi teknoloji:Monga labu yoyesa mboni ya TUVRH ndi ITS ku North America Certification, MCM imatha kuyesa mitundu yonse ndikupereka ntchito zabwinoko posinthana ukadaulo maso ndi maso.
● Thandizo lolimba laukadaulo:MCM ili ndi zida zonse zoyezera mabatire akuluakulu, ang'onoang'ono komanso olondola (mwachitsanzo, galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi, mphamvu zosungiramo zinthu, ndi zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi), zomwe zimatha kupereka ntchito zonse zoyezera batire ndi ziphaso ku North America, zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 ndi zina zotero.
TheNyanja Yofiirandi njira yokhayo yoti zombo ziziyenda pakati pa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean. Ili pamphambano ya makontinenti awiri a Asia ndi Africa. Mapeto ake akummwera akulumikiza Nyanja ya Arabia ndi Indian Ocean kudzera mu Bab el-Mandeb Strait, ndipo mapeto ake kumpoto amalumikizana ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Atlantic Ocean kudzera mu Suez Canal. Njira yodutsa mumsewu wa Bab el-Mandeb, Nyanja Yofiira ndi Suez Canal ndi imodzi mwanjira zodutsamo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mtsinje wa Suez pakali pano uyenera kukhala mtsempha waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pamene Panama Canal ikukumana ndi kusowa kwa madzi kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa kayendedwe kake. Monga njira yayikulu yoyendetsera mayendedwe a Asia-Europe, Asia-Mediterranean, ndi Asia-Eastern United States, Suez Canal, kukhudzidwa kwake pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi ndi kutumiza ndi kofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi Neue Zürcher Zeitung, pafupifupi 12% ya mayendedwe onyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi amadutsa pa Nyanja Yofiira ndi Suez Canal.
Kuyambira kuyambika kwa mkangano watsopano wa Palestine-Israel, gulu lankhondo la Yemen la Houthi lakhala likuukira Israeli pafupipafupi chifukwa cha "kuthandizira Palestine" ndipo mosalekeza akuukira zombo "zogwirizana ndi Israeli" mu Nyanja Yofiira. Poganizira nkhani zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira za zombo zamalonda zomwe zikuwukiridwa pafupi ndi Red Sea-Mandeb Strait, zimphona zambiri zotumizira padziko lonse lapansi - Swiss Mediterranean, Danish Maersk, French CMA CGM, Germany Hapag-Lloyd, ndi zina zambiri zalengeza kuti zipewe Red Njira ya m'nyanja. Pofika pa Disembala 18, 2023, makampani asanu otsogola padziko lonse lapansi alengeza kuti ayimitsa kuyenda panyanja ya Red Sea-Suez. Kuphatikiza apo, COSCO, Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) ndi Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) adanenanso kuti zombo zawo zapamadzi zidzayimitsa kuyenda mu Nyanja Yofiira. Pakadali pano, makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi otumizira makontena ayamba kapena atsala pang'ono kuyimitsa kuyenda panjira ya Red Sea-Suez.
Vuto la Nyanja Yofiira laletsa kusungitsa misewu yopita kumadzulo ku East Asia, kuphatikiza ku Middle East, Red Sea, North Africa, Black Sea, kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean, kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe.
