Chifukwa chiyani timapanga zobwezeretsanso mabatire

Kuperewera kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachangu kwa EV ndi ESS

Kutaya mabatire mosayenera kungayambitse kuwononga kwa heavy metal ndi gasi wakupha.

Kuchulukana kwa lithiamu ndi cobalt m'mabatire ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa komwe kuli mumchere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mabatire ndi oyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Kubwezeretsanso zinthu za anode kudzapulumutsa kupitilira 20% ya mtengo wa batri.

Malamulo obwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion m'malo osiyanasiyana

USA

Ku America, maboma a feduro, boma kapena zigawo ali ndi ufulu kutaya ndi kubwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Pali malamulo awiri a federal okhudzana ndi kubwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Choyamba ndiAct Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act. Pamafunika makampani kapena masitolo ogulitsa mabatire a lead-acid kapena mabatire a nickel-metal hydride ayenera kuvomereza mabatire akuwonongeka ndikuwagwiritsanso ntchito. Njira yobwezeretsanso mabatire a lead-acid idzawoneka ngati template ya zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolo pakubwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Lamulo lachiwiri ndiloResource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Zimapanga dongosolo la momwe mungatayire zinyalala zolimba zosaopsa kapena zoopsa. Tsogolo la njira yobwezeretsanso mabatire a Lithium-ion likhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi lamuloli.

EU

EU yalemba lingaliro latsopano (Pempho la REGULATION OF EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT NDI LA COUNCIL lokhudza mabatire ndi zinyalala, kuchotsa Directive 2006/66/EC ndikusintha Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020). Lingaliro ili limatchula zinthu zapoizoni, kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mabatire, ndi zofunikira pa malire, malipoti, zolemba, mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa carbon footprint, mlingo wotsika kwambiri wa cobalt, lead, ndi nickel recycling, ntchito, kulimba, detachability, m'malo, chitetezo. , thanzi, durability ndi supply chain chifukwa kulimbikira, etc. Malinga ndi lamuloli, opanga ayenera kupereka zambiri za kulimba kwa mabatire ndi ziwerengero ntchito, ndi zambiri gwero la zida za batri. Kusamala kwapang'onopang'ono ndikudziwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zilimo, zimachokera kuti, komanso momwe zimakhudzira chilengedwe. Uku ndikuwunika kugwiritsiridwa ntchitonso ndi kubwezeretsanso mabatire. Komabe, kusindikiza mapangidwe ndi magwero azinthu zopangira zinthu kungakhale kosokoneza kwa opanga mabatire aku Europe, chifukwa chake malamulowo sanaperekedwe mwalamulo pano.

Mayiko aku Europe

Mayiko ena aku Europe atha kukhala ndi mfundo zawozawo pakuwongolera mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

UK sikusindikiza malamulo aliwonse obwezeretsanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Boma linkakonda kupereka msonkho pa ntchito yobwezeretsanso zinthu zina kapena kubwereka, kapena kulipira ndalama zolipirira ntchitoyo. Komabe palibe ndondomeko yovomerezeka yomwe imatuluka.

Germany ili ndi malamulo oyendetsera mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Monga malamulo obwezeretsanso ku Germany, malamulo a batire ku Germany ndi lamulo la kumapeto kwa moyo wobwezeretsanso. Germany ikugogomezera EPR ndikuwulula udindo wa opanga, ogula ndi obwezeretsanso.

France yapereka malamulo obwezeretsanso mabatire kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo machitidwewa amasinthidwa kwakanthawi. Malamulowa amalengeza udindo wofunikira wosonkhanitsa, kugawa ndi kukonzanso mabatire kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa.

China

China yapereka malamulo okhudza zinyalala zolimba ndi zinyalala zowopsa, monga lamulo la kuwongolera zinyalala zolimba ndi malamulo oletsa kuwononga mabatire a zinyalala, omwe amakhudza kupanga, kubwezeretsanso ndi madera ena ambiri a mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Ndondomeko zina zimayang'aniranso mabatire ochokera ku China kunja. Mwachitsanzo, boma la China lapereka lamulo loletsa zinyalala ku China, ndipo mu 2020, lamuloli lidasinthidwa kuti lichotse zinyalala zonse zochokera kumayiko ena.

Asia

Pali mawu ambiri am'malamulo owongolera kubwezeredwa kwa mabatire ku Japan. Japan Portable Rechargeable Battery Recycling Center (JBRC) ndi yomwe imayang'anira ntchito yobwezeretsanso ku Japan.

India imasindikizanso malamulo a mabatire a zinyalala. Amafuna opanga, ogulitsa, ogula ndi mabungwe aliwonse okhudzana ndi zobwezeretsanso, kuika kwaokha anthu, kunyamula kapena kukonzanso, aziyang'anira udindo wawo. Pakadali pano maboma akhazikitsa njira yapakati yolembetsa EPR yoyang'anira.

Australia ilibe mfundo zobwezeretsanso ntchito.

Thekutsutsaya mabatire obwezeretsanso

Ndizovuta kutumiza kapena kutaya mabatire okhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.

Kubwezeretsanso mabatire okhala ndi zinthu zovuta za anode ndikovuta. Kupatula apo, mabatire obwezerezedwanso sangathe kubwezeretsanso magwiridwe antchito a mabatire atsopano.

Kuvuta kwa mabatire, kusowa kwa kuyang'anira ndi msika wosayembekezeka kumachepetsa phindu la kubwezeretsanso, ndikupangitsa kukhala kopanda chuma. Osatchulanso mavuto otolera, kunyamula, masheya ndi zovuta zina.

Mapeto

Ndi ntchito yofunikira komanso yofulumira kukonzanso mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ziribe kanthu mu masomphenya a chitetezo cha chilengedwe kapena kupulumutsa gwero. Mayiko ambiri akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukonzanso mabatire, ndikuyika zambiri pa kafukufuku. Zovuta zimakhala makamaka pa: kutsika mtengo, kupanga njira yabwinoko yogulitsira, njira zabwino zotumizira, kuwongolera m'magulu, ukadaulo wolekanitsa zida, kulinganiza njira zobwezeretsanso ndikukhazikitsa malamulo amakampani ndi njira yabwino yobwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito.