Chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu nthawi zonse chimakhala chodetsa nkhawa mumakampani. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera azinthu komanso malo ovuta ogwirira ntchito, ngozi yamoto ikangochitika, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zida, kutayika kwa katundu, ngakhale kuvulala. Pambuyo pa moto wa batri ya lithiamu, kutaya kumakhala kovuta, kumatenga nthawi yaitali, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kutulutsa mpweya wambiri wakupha. Choncho, kuzimitsa moto panthaŵi yake kungathe kuletsa kufalikira kwa motowo, kupeŵa kuyaka kwambiri, ndiponso kupereka nthaŵi yochuluka kwa ogwira ntchito kuthawa.

Pakutha kwa kutentha kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, utsi, moto, ngakhale kuphulika kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kuthawa kwamafuta ndi vuto la kufalikira kwakhala vuto lalikulu lomwe zinthu za batri za lithiamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusankha luso lozimitsa moto loyenera kungalepheretse kufalikira kwina kwa kuthawa kwa batri, komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri poletsa zochitika zamoto.

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za zozimitsira moto zodziwika bwino komanso njira zozimitsira moto zomwe zilipo panopa pamsika, ndikuwunika ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zozimitsa moto.

Mitundu ya Zozimitsa Moto

Pakali pano, zozimitsira moto pamsika zimagawidwa makamaka kukhala zozimitsa moto wa gasi, zozimitsa moto zamadzi, zozimitsa moto wa aerosol, ndi zozimitsira moto za ufa wouma. M'munsimu muli mawu oyamba a zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe a mtundu uliwonse wa chozimitsira moto.

Perfluorohexane: Perfluorohexane yalembedwa m'gulu la PFAS la OECD ndi US EPA. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito perfluorohexane monga chozimitsira moto kuyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi malamulo a m'deralo ndikulankhulana ndi mabungwe oyendetsa chilengedwe. Popeza mankhwala a perfluorohexane pakuwola kwamafuta ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, sizoyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali, yayikulu, mosalekeza. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito pamodzi ndi makina opopera madzi.

Trifluoromethane:Trifluoromethane agents amapangidwa ndi opanga ochepa okha, ndipo palibe miyezo yeniyeni ya dziko yomwe imayendetsa mtundu woterewu wozimitsa moto. Mtengo wokonza ndi wokwera, choncho kugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikuvomerezeka.

Hexafluoropropane:Chozimitsa chozimitsachi chimakonda kuwononga zida kapena zida pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo Global Warming Potential (GWP) yake ndiyokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, hexafluoropropane ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chozimitsa moto chosinthira.

Heptafluoropropane:Chifukwa cha greenhouse effect, pang'onopang'ono ikuletsedwa ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo idzathetsedweratu. Panopa, heptafluoropropane wothandizira akhala anasiya, zomwe zidzabweretsa mavuto refilling alipo heptafluoropropane machitidwe pa kukonza. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikuvomerezeka.

Gasi Wopanda:Kuphatikizapo IG 01, IG 100, IG 55, IG 541, yomwe IG 541 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imadziwika padziko lonse ngati wothandizira wobiriwira komanso wokonda zachilengedwe. Komabe, ili ndi kuipa kwa kukwera mtengo kwa zomangamanga, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa masilinda a gasi, komanso kukhala ndi malo akulu.

Wothandizira Madzi:Zozimitsa moto za mkungudza wamadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zoziziritsa. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa madzi ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwapadera, komwe kungathe kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, kuziziritsa zinthu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito mkati mwa batri ndipo motero zimalepheretsa kutentha kwina. Komabe, madzi amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mabatire ndipo sakuteteza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire ikhale yochepa.

Aerosol:Chifukwa cha kuchezeka kwa chilengedwe, kusakhala ndi poizoni, kutsika mtengo, komanso kukonza kosavuta, aerosol yakhala chida chachikulu chozimitsa moto. Komabe, aerosol yosankhidwayo iyenera kutsatira malamulo a UN ndi malamulo ndi malamulo akomweko, ndipo chiphaso chazinthu zamayiko akomweko chikufunika. Komabe, ma aerosols alibe mphamvu zoziziritsa, ndipo pakugwiritsa ntchito, kutentha kwa batri kumakhalabe kokwera. Chozimitsa moto chikasiya kutulutsa, batire imayamba kuyaka.

Kuchita Bwino kwa Zozimitsa Moto

State Key Laboratory of Fire Science ku yunivesite ya Science and Technology ya China inachititsa kafukufuku kuyerekeza zotsatira zozimitsa moto za ABC ufa wouma, heptafluoropropane, madzi, perfluorohexane, ndi CO2 zozimitsa moto pa batri ya 38A lithiamu-ion.

Kufananiza Njira Yozimitsa Moto

ABC ufa wouma, heptafluoropropane, madzi, ndi perfluorohexane zonse zimatha kuzimitsa moto wa batri popanda kuyatsa. Komabe, zozimitsa moto za CO2 sizingathe kuzimitsa moto wa batri ndipo zitha kuyambitsa kuyaka.

Kufananiza Zotsatira Zoponderezedwa ndi Moto

Pambuyo pothawa kutentha, khalidwe la mabatire a lithiamu pansi pa zozimitsira moto likhoza kugawidwa pafupifupi magawo atatu: siteji yozizira, siteji ya kutentha kwachangu, ndi siteji ya kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono.

Gawo loyambandi gawo loziziritsa, pomwe kutentha kwa batri kumachepa pambuyo pozimitsa moto kutulutsidwa. Izi zimachitika makamaka pazifukwa ziwiri:

• Kutuluka kwa batri: Mabatire a lithiamu-ion asanayambe kutha, ma alkane ambiri ndi mpweya wa CO2 amaunjikana mkati mwa batire. Batire ikafika malire ake, valavu yotetezera imatsegulidwa, kutulutsa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri. Mpweya uwu umatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimagwira mkati mwa batire komanso kupereka kuziziritsa kwa batri.
• Mphamvu ya chozimitsira moto: Kuziziritsa kwa chozimitsira moto makamaka kumachokera m'zigawo ziwiri: kuyamwa kwa kutentha panthawi ya kusintha ndi zotsatira za kudzipatula kwa mankhwala. Phase kusintha mayamwidwe kutentha mwachindunji amachotsa kutentha kwaiye ndi batire, pamene mankhwala kudzipatula zotsatira mosalunjika amachepetsa kutentha m'badwo ndi kusokoneza zochita mankhwala. Madzi amakhala ndi mphamvu yoziziritsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kutentha kwambiri mwachangu. Perfluorohexane imatsatira, pamene HFC-227ea, CO2, ndi ABC ufa wouma sizisonyeza zotsatira zozizira kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ndi makina a zozimitsa moto.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi siteji yowonjezereka ya kutentha, kumene kutentha kwa batri kumakwera mofulumira kuchoka pamtengo wake wochepa kufika pachimake. Popeza zozimitsira moto sizingathe kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa batire, ndipo zozimitsa moto zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosaziziritsa bwino, kutentha kwa batire kumawonetsa kutsika kokwera kwa zozimitsa moto zosiyanasiyana. M'kanthawi kochepa, kutentha kwa batri kumakwera mpaka pachimake.

Munthawi imeneyi, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakuchita bwino kwa zozimitsa moto zosiyanasiyana poletsa kukwera kwa kutentha kwa batri. Kuchita bwino pakutsika ndi madzi> perfluorohexane> HFC-227ea> ABC ufa wouma> CO2. Kutentha kwa batire kukakwera pang'onopang'ono, kumapereka nthawi yochulukirapo yoyankhira chenjezo la moto wa batri ndi nthawi yochulukirapo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Mapeto

1. CO2: Zozimitsa moto monga CO2, zomwe makamaka zimagwira ntchito chifukwa chosowa mpweya komanso kudzipatula, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zolepheretsa pamoto wa batri. Mu phunziroli, zochitika zolamulira kwambiri zidachitika ndi CO2, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosayenera kuyatsa batire la lithiamu.
2. ABC Dry Powder / HFC-227ea: ABC ufa wouma ndi HFC-227ea zozimitsira moto, zomwe makamaka zimagwiritsa ntchito kudzipatula ndi kuponderezedwa ndi mankhwala, zimatha kulepheretsa pang'ono machitidwe a unyolo mkati mwa batri mpaka kufika pamlingo wina. Amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwinoko pang'ono kuposa CO2, koma popeza alibe zotsatira zoziziritsa ndipo sangathe kuletsa zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa batire, kutentha kwa batire kumakwerabe mwachangu chozimitsira moto chikatulutsidwa.
3. Perfluorohexane: Perfluorohexane sikuti imatchinga machitidwe a batri mkati komanso imatenga kutentha kudzera mu vaporization. Chifukwa chake, zoletsa zake pamoto wa batri ndizabwino kwambiri kuposa zozimitsira moto zina.
4. Madzi: Pakati pa zozimitsira moto zonse, madzi amakhala ndi mphamvu yozimitsa moto. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa madzi amakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumawathandiza kuti azitha kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimaziziritsa zinthu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito mkati mwa batire, motero zimalepheretsa kutentha kwina. Komabe, madzi amachititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mabatire ndipo alibe mphamvu yotchinga, choncho kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuyenera kukhala kosamala kwambiri.

Kodi Tisankhe Chiyani?

Tafufuza njira zotetezera moto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga magetsi angapo omwe ali pamsika, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zozimitsa moto zotsatirazi:

• Perfluorohexane + Madzi
• Aerosol + Madzi

Izo zikhoza kuwonedwazozimitsa moto synergistic ndizomwe zimachitika kwambiri kwa opanga ma batri a lithiamu. Kutengera Perfluorohexane + Madzi mwachitsanzo, Perfluorohexane imatha kuzimitsa malawi otseguka, kuthandizira kukhudzana kwa nkhungu yabwino yamadzi ndi batri, pomwe nkhungu yabwino yamadzi imatha kuziziritsa bwino. Ntchito yothandizirana imakhala ndi zozimitsa moto zabwino komanso zoziziritsa poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chozimitsira moto chimodzi. Pakadali pano, EU's New Battery Regulation imafuna kuti zilembo za batri zamtsogolo ziziphatikiza zozimitsa moto zomwe zilipo. Opanga akuyeneranso kusankha chozimitsa moto choyenera potengera zomwe akupanga, malamulo amderalo, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino.