Mbiri

Boma la US lakhazikitsa njira yokwanira komanso yokhwima yopezera magalimoto. Kutengera mfundo yodalirika m'mabizinesi, madipatimenti aboma samayang'anira njira zonse zotsimikizira ndi kuyesa. Wopanga amatha kusankha njira yoyenera yodzipangira yekha ndikulengeza kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamalamulo. Ntchito yaikulu ya boma ndi kuyang'anira pambuyo ndi chilango.

Dongosolo la certification yamagalimoto aku US lili ndi izi:

• Chitsimikizo cha DOT: Izikumakhudzachitetezo pamagalimoto, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kudana ndi kuba. Imayendetsedwa makamaka ndi US department of Transportation / National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Opanga magalimoto amalengeza ngati akumana ndi Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) podzifufuza okha, ndipo boma limagwiritsa ntchito ziphaso zotsimikizira pambuyo poyang'anira.
• Chitsimikizo cha EPA: Bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limachita satifiketi ya EPA motsogozedwa ndiClean Air Act. Chitsimikizo cha EPA chilinso ndi zinthu zambiri zodzitsimikizira. Chitsimikizochi makamaka chimayang'ana kuteteza chilengedwe.
• Chitsimikizo cha CARB: CARB (California Air Resources Board) ndi dziko loyamba ku US / dziko lapansi kupereka miyezo yotulutsa mpweya wamagalimoto. Kulowa mumsikawu kumafunikira malamulo okhwima kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pamagalimoto okonzeka kutumizidwa ku California, opanga ayenera kupeza satifiketi yosiyana ya CARB.

DOT certification

Ulamuliro wotsimikizira

US DOT ili ndi udindo wowongolera mayendedwe m'dziko lonselo, kuphatikiza magalimoto, panyanja ndi ndege. NHTSA, bungwe laling'ono la DOT, ndilo bungwe lovomerezeka la DOT lomwe limayang'anira kukhazikitsa ndi kukakamiza FMVSS. Ndilo ulamuliro wapamwamba kwambiri woteteza magalimoto m'boma la US.

Chitsimikizo cha DOT ndikudzitsimikizira nokha (chitsimikiziro chazinthu ndi fakitale yokha kapena munthu wina, kenako ndikulemba fomu ndi DOT). Wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yoyenera yotsimikizira, amasunga zolemba za mayeso onse panthawi yodzipangira yekha, ndikuyika chizindikiro chokhazikika pamalo omwe galimotoyo yakhazikitsidwa ponena kuti galimotoyi ikugwirizana ndi malamulo onse a FMVSS pamene ikuchoka ku fakitale. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa masitepe omwe ali pamwambawa kukuwonetsa kuphatikizika kwa chiphaso cha DOT, ndipo NHTSA sidzapereka zilembo kapena ziphaso kugalimoto kapena zida.

Standard

Malamulo a DOT omwe amagwira ntchito pamagalimoto amagawidwa m'magulu aukadaulo ndi oyang'anira. Malamulo aukadaulo ndi mndandanda wa FMVSS, ndipo malamulo oyang'anira ndi 49CFR50 mndandanda.

Kwa magalimoto amagetsi, kuwonjezera pa kukana kugundana, kupewa kugundana ndi miyeso ina yokhudzana ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe, ayeneranso kutsatira FMVSS 305: kusefukira kwa ma electrolyte ndi chitetezo chamagetsi amagetsi asanayambe kuyika chizindikiro cha DOT molingana ndi zofunikira zowongolera.

FMVSS 305 imatchula zofunikira zachitetezo pamagalimoto amagetsi pakagwa ngozi komanso pambuyo pake.

• Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: Magalimoto apaulendo okhala ndi magetsi osachepera 60 Vdc kapena 30 Vac ngati mphamvu yoyendetsa, komanso magalimoto onyamula anthu osiyanasiyana, magalimoto ndi mabasi omwe amalemera kwambiri osapitilira 4536 kg.
• Njira yoyesera: Pambuyo pakukhudzidwa kutsogolo, kukhudzidwa kwapambali komanso kumbuyo kwagalimoto yamagetsi, kuphatikiza kusakhala ndi ma electrolyte omwe amalowa m'chipinda chonyamula anthu, batire liyenera kusungidwa m'malo mwake ndipo lisalowe m'chipinda chokwera, komanso zofunikira zamagetsi pakutchinjiriza. Impedans iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa mtengo wokhazikika. Pambuyo pakuyesa kuwonongeka, kuyesa kwa static roll kumachitika pa 90° pa mpukutu kutsimikizira kuti electrolyte si kutayikira mu chipinda okwera pa ngodya iliyonse rollover.

Dipatimenti yoyang'anira

Dipatimenti yayikulu yoyang'anira certification ya DOT ndi Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance (OVSC) pansi pa NHTSA, yomwe imayang'anira magalimoto ndi zida chaka chilichonse. Kuyesa kutsata kudzachitika mu labotale yogwirizana ndi OVSC. Kudzitsimikizira kwa wopanga kudzatsimikiziridwa kukhala kothandiza ndi kuyesa.

Kumbukirani kasamalidwe

NHTSA imayang'anira chitetezo pamagalimoto ndipo imafuna opanga kukumbukira magalimoto ndi zida zomwe zili ndi zolakwika zokhudzana ndi chitetezo. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyankha zolakwika zamagalimoto awo patsamba la NHTSA. NHTSA isanthula ndikufufuza zomwe ogula apereka, ndikuwona ngati wopanga akuyenera kuyambitsa zochitika zokumbukira.

Miyezo ina

Kuphatikiza pa satifiketi ya DOT, njira yowunikira chitetezo chagalimoto yamagetsi yaku US imaphatikizanso miyezo ya SAE, miyezo ya UL ndi mayeso a ngozi a IIHS, ndi zina zambiri.

SAE

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1905, ndi bungwe lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi laukadaulo wamagalimoto. Zinthu zofufuzira ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe, magalimoto amagetsi, ndege, injini, zida ndi kupanga. Miyezo yopangidwa ndi SAE ndi yovomerezeka komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makampani amagalimoto ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo gawo lalikulu la iwo amatengedwa ngati miyezo ya dziko ku United States. SAE imangotulutsa miyezo ndipo ilibe udindo wotsimikizira zinthu.

Mapeto

Poyerekeza ndi European Type Approval system, msika waku US wamagalimoto amagetsi uli ndi malo ocheperako olowera, chiwopsezo chazamalamulo komanso kuyang'anira msika kwambiri. Akuluakulu aku USkuchita msikakuyang'anira chaka chilichonse. Ndipo ngati kusatsatira kupezedwa, chilango chidzaperekedwa molingana ndi 49CFR 578 - CIVIL AND CRMINAL PENALS. Pa projekiti iliyonse yagalimoto kapena zida zamagalimoto, kuphwanya kulikonse komwe kumakhudza chitetezo kumachitika ndipo kulephera kulikonse kapena kukana kuchita zomwe zimafunidwa ndi gawo lililonse lazigawozi kudzalangidwa. Chiwongola dzanja chachikulu pakuphwanya malamulo ndi $105 miliyoni. Kupyolera mu kuwunika pamwamba pa zofunikira zoyendetsera dongosolo la certification la US, tikuyembekeza kuthandiza mabizinesi apakhomo kuti amvetsetse bwino kasamalidwe ka magalimoto ndi zinthu zina ku US, ndikuthandizira kukwaniritsa miyezo ndi zofunikira, zomwe ndi zothandiza. kukulitsa msika waku US.