Mbiri

Mu 1800, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Italy A. Volta anamanga mulu wa voltaic, womwe unatsegula chiyambi cha mabatire othandiza ndikufotokozera kwa nthawi yoyamba kufunika kwa electrolyte mu zipangizo zosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi. Electrolyte imatha kuwonedwa ngati yosanjikiza pakompyuta ndi ion-conducting mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kapena olimba, oyikidwa pakati pa ma elekitirodi oyipa ndi abwino. Panopa, electrolyte kwambiri patsogolo amapangidwa Kusungunuka olimba lifiyamu mchere (mwachitsanzo LiPF6) mu sanali amadzimadzi organic carbonate zosungunulira (mwachitsanzo EC ndi DMC). Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a cell ndi kapangidwe kake, ma electrolyte nthawi zambiri amakhala 8% mpaka 15% ya kulemera kwa selo. Chani's zambiri, flammability ake ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri ntchito kutentha osiyanasiyana -10°C ku 60°C imalepheretsa kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe ka batri ndi chitetezo. Chifukwa chake, kupangidwa kwatsopano kwa ma electrolyte kumawonedwa ngati kothandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa m'badwo wotsatira wa mabatire atsopano.

Ochita kafukufuku akugwiranso ntchito yopanga makina osiyanasiyana a electrolyte. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira fluorinated kuti angathe kukwaniritsa imayenera lifiyamu zitsulo njinga, organic kapena zosawerengeka olimba electrolytes kuti phindu makampani galimoto ndi "olimba boma mabatire" (SSB). Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti ngati electrolyte olimba m'malo choyambirira madzi electrolyte ndi diaphragm, chitetezo, limodzi mphamvu kachulukidwe ndi moyo wa batire akhoza kwambiri bwino. Kenaka, timafotokozera mwachidule momwe kafukufuku wafukufuku wa electrolyte olimba ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.

Ma electrolyte olimba a inorganic

Ma electrolyte olimba a inorganic akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zida zosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, monga mabatire ena otenthetsera kwambiri a Na-S, Na-NiCl2 mabatire ndi mabatire oyambira a Li-I2. Kale mu 2019, Hitachi Zosen (Japan) adawonetsa batire la thumba lolimba kwambiri la 140 mAh kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mumlengalenga ndikuyesedwa pa International Space Station (ISS). Batire iyi imapangidwa ndi sulfide electrolyte ndi zigawo zina za batri zosadziwika, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito pakati pa -40°C ndi 100°C. Mu 2021 kampani ikubweretsa batire yolimba ya 1,000 mAh. Hitachi Zosen akuwona kufunikira kwa mabatire olimba m'malo ovuta monga malo ndi zida zamafakitale zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo wamba. Kampaniyo ikukonzekera kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu ya batri pofika chaka cha 2025. Koma mpaka pano, palibe mankhwala a batri olimba omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi.

Organic theka-olimba komanso ma electrolyte olimba

M'gulu la organic solid electrolyte, Bolloré waku France adagulitsa bwino ma elekitirodi amtundu wa gel PVDF-HFP ndi electrolyte yamtundu wa gel PEO. Kampaniyo yakhazikitsanso mapulogalamu oyendetsa magalimoto ku North America, Europe ndi Asia kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa batri pamagalimoto amagetsi, koma batire iyi ya polima sinayambe yatengedwa kwambiri m'magalimoto onyamula anthu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asatengeredwe bwino malonda ndikuti amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatentha kwambiri (50°C ku80°C) ndi ma voltages otsika. Mabatire amenewa tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito m’magalimoto ochita malonda, monga mabasi ena a mumzinda. Palibe milandu yogwira ntchito ndi mabatire olimba a polymer electrolyte kutentha kwapakati (ie, pafupifupi 25°C).

Gulu la semisolid limaphatikizapo ma electrolyte a viscous kwambiri, monga zosakaniza zosungunulira mchere, njira ya electrolyte yomwe imakhala ndi mchere wambiri kuposa muyezo wa 1 mol/L, wokhala ndi machulukitsidwe kapena machulukitsidwe okwera mpaka 4 mol/L. Chodetsa nkhawa ndi zosakanikirana za electrolyte ndizochuluka kwambiri za mchere wopangidwa ndi fluorinated, zomwe zimadzutsanso mafunso okhudza lifiyamu komanso momwe ma electrolyte amakhudzira chilengedwe. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kugulitsa zinthu zokhwima kumafuna kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa moyo. Ndipo zida zopangira ma electrolyte okonzekera semi-solid amafunikanso kukhala osavuta komanso opezeka mosavuta kuti azitha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi magalimoto amagetsi.

Ma electrolyte osakanikirana

Ma electrolyte osakanizidwa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma electrolyte osakanikirana, amatha kusinthidwa kutengera ma electrolyte amadzimadzi / organic zosungunulira zosakanizidwa kapena powonjezera njira yopanda madzi amadzimadzi a electrolyte ku electrolyte yolimba, poganizira za manufacturability ndi scalability wa ma electrolyte olimba komanso zofunikira zaukadaulo wa stacking. Komabe, ma electrolyte osakanizidwa otere akadali mu gawo la kafukufuku ndipo palibe zitsanzo zamalonda.

Kuganizira za chitukuko cha malonda cha electrolyte

Ubwino waukulu wa ma electrolyte olimba ndi chitetezo chambiri komanso moyo wautali wozungulira, koma mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala poyesa madzi kapena ma electrolyte olimba:

• Njira yopanga ndi kupanga dongosolo la electrolyte yolimba. Mabatire oyezera ma laboratory nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ta electrolyte tokhala ndi ma microns mazana angapo okhuthala, okutidwa mbali imodzi ya maelekitirodi. Maselo ang'onoang'ono olimbawa sakuyimira magwiridwe antchito ofunikira pama cell akulu (10 mpaka 100Ah), popeza mphamvu ya 10 ~ 100Ah ndizomwe zimafunikira pamabatire amagetsi apano.
• Ma electrolyte olimba amalowanso m'malo mwa diaphragm. Popeza kulemera kwake ndi makulidwe ake ndi nsima wamkulu kuposa PP/PE diaphragm, iyenera kusinthidwa kuti ikwaniritse kulemera kwake.≥350Wh/kgndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu≥900Wh /L kuti apewe kulepheretsa malonda ake.

Battery nthawi zonse imakhala pachiwopsezo chachitetezo pamlingo wina. Ma electrolyte olimba, ngakhale ali otetezeka kuposa zamadzimadzi, sikuti amatha kuyaka. Ma polima ena ndi ma electrolyte a inorganic amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi mpweya kapena madzi, kutulutsa kutentha ndi mpweya wapoizoni womwe umabweretsanso ngozi yamoto ndi kuphulika. Kuphatikiza pa maselo amodzi, mapulasitiki, milandu ndi zida zonyamula zimatha kuyambitsa kuyaka kosalamulirika. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa kwathunthu kwa chitetezo kumafunika.