Mbiri

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mabatire othachanso kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990 chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kosinthika komanso kukhazikika kwa mayendedwe. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa lifiyamu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa lifiyamu ndi zigawo zina zofunika za mabatire a lithiamu-ion, kuwonjezeka kwa kusowa kwa zipangizo zopangira mtsinje kwa mabatire a lithiamu kumatikakamiza kuti tifufuze machitidwe atsopano komanso otsika mtengo a electrochemical pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zomwe zilipo. . Mabatire otsika mtengo a sodium-ion ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri. Batire ya sodium ion inali pafupi kupezedwa pamodzi ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion, koma chifukwa cha malo ake akuluakulu a ion ndi mphamvu yochepa, anthu amakonda kuphunzira magetsi a lithiamu, ndipo kafukufuku wa batri ya sodium-ion anatsala pang'ono kuyimitsidwa. Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi makampani osungira mphamvu m'zaka zaposachedwa, batire ya sodium-ion, yomwe yaperekedwa nthawi imodzi ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion, yakopanso anthu.'s chidwi.

Lithiamu, sodium ndi potaziyamu zonse ndi zitsulo za alkali mu tebulo la periodic la zinthu. Iwo ali ofanana thupi ndi mankhwala katundu ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo batire yachiwiri mu chiphunzitso. Zida za sodium ndizolemera kwambiri, zimagawidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso zosavuta kuchotsa. Monga cholowa m'malo mwa lithiamu, sodium yalipidwa kwambiri m'munda wa batri. Batirewopangaskukankhakuyambitsa njira yaukadaulo ya batri ya sodium-ion.Malingaliro Otsogolera pa Kupititsa patsogolo Kukula kwa Malo Osungirako Mphamvu Zatsopano, Mapulani a Sayansi ndi Zatekinoloje mu Gawo la Mphamvu mu nthawi ya 14 yazaka zisanu,ndiKukhazikitsa Dongosolo Lachitukuko Chosungirako Mphamvu Zatsopano mu Nyengo ya 14 yazaka zisanuloperekedwa ndi National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration anena kuti akhazikitse m'badwo watsopano waukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wosungira mphamvu monga mabatire a sodium-ion. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) yalimbikitsanso mabatire atsopano, monga mabatire a sodium-ion, monga ballast pa chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano. Miyezo yamakampani yamabatire a sodium-ion ikugwiranso ntchito. Zikuyembekezeka kuti makampani akamakulitsa ndalama, ukadaulo umakhala wokhwima ndipo unyolo wa mafakitale umasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, batire ya sodium-ion yokhala ndi mtengo wokwera ikuyembekezeka kukhala gawo la msika wa batire la lithiamu-ion.

Batire ya sodium-ion motsutsana ndi lithiamu-ion batire

• Mpweya woipa wa carbon electrode wa batri ya sodium-ion uli ndi mtengo wotsika komanso malo osinthika okulirapo kuposa a graphite.
• Aluminiyamu zojambulazo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wotolera panopa zabwino ndi zoipa elekitirodi mabatire sodium-ion. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ali ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo za mkuwa zomwe zilibe dzimbiri. Mabatire a sodium-ion, komano, ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu koyipa, kotero samalumikizana ndi sodium. Chojambula cha aluminiyamu ndi chochepa kulemera kwake komanso mtengo wake kuposa zojambula zamkuwa.
• Mu electrolyte, kusungunuka kwa Na⁺ ndi pafupifupi 30% yotsika kuposa ya Li⁺. Mlingo wa kusungunuka ndi wokwera, ndipo kukana kutengerapo ndalama pa electrode - mawonekedwe a electrolyte ndi ochepa, omwe amapereka mphamvu zabwino za electrode. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwa sodium-ion charge ndipamwamba kwambiri pakutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa, komanso kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kulipiritsa mwachangu.
• Mabatire a sodium-ion ali ndi kusankha kokulirapo kwa zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zachitsulo zosinthira pamzere woyamba wa tebulo la periodic zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabatire a sodium-ion. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Na⁺ (radius 0.102nm) ndi ma ion zitsulo zosinthira (radius 0.05-0.07nm), zomwe zimathandizira kupatukana kwawo.
• Kukana kwamkati kwa batri ya sodium-ion ndikwapamwamba kuposa batire ya lithiamu-ion. Pankhani yafupikitsa, kutentha nthawi yomweyo kumakhala kochepa, kukwera kwa kutentha kumakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa batri ya lithiamu, choncho batri ya sodium-ion ndi yotetezeka.
• Utali wawukulu wa sodium-ion ukhoza kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke zikachotsedwa pamagetsi a electrode, motero zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse a batri ndi kukhulupirika kwa electrode.
• Sodium ali apamwamba kwambiri muyezo elekitirodi kuthekera (0.33V apamwamba kuposa lithiamu), chifukwa m'munsi mphamvu kachulukidwe ndi kupanga kukhala kovuta kupikisana ndi mabatire lifiyamu-ion mu gawo mphamvu.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wa mabatire a sodium-ion akuphatikizapo zinthu zapamwamba za cobalt zopanda cathode zamabatire a sodium-ion, otsika mtengo polyanionic sulfate pamagetsi abwino a mabatire a sodium-ion, mankhwala a nano-pb omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu electrode yabwino ya sodium. -mabatire a ion, kafukufuku woyambira pazinthu zamafuta a anode zamabatire a sodium-ion kuti agwiritse ntchito malonda, ma tin-based metal oxides ndi sulfides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu za anode zamabatire a sodium-ion, Nanoengineering ya zida zapamwamba za kaboni mu mabatire a sodium-ion, ndikugwiritsa ntchito za Advanced in situ characterization pophunzira mabatire a sodium-ion. Nthawi zambiri, akadali malo opangira kafukufuku kuti apeze zida za electrode zabwino kwambiri komanso zoyipa kuchokera kuzinthu zokongoletsera njira zosinthira, kukonza njira zokonzekera ndikuwunika njira yosungiramo sodium kuti apititse patsogolo kupikisana kwathunthu kwa mabatire a sodium-ion.