European Commission yatulutsa zolembedwa ziwiri zoperekedwa ndi EU 2023/1542 (The New Battery Regulation), zomwe ndi njira zowerengera ndi kulengeza za batri ya carbon footprint.
The New Battery Regulation imakhazikitsa zofunikira zamtundu wa carbon footprint pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwake sikunasindikizidwe panthawiyo. Potengera zomwe zimafunikira pamabatire agalimoto yamagetsi zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito mu Ogasiti 2025, mabilu awiriwa akuwunikira njira zowerengera ndikutsimikizira moyo wawo wa carbon.
Mabilu awiriwa adzakhala ndi ndemanga ya mwezi umodzi ndi ndemanga kuyambira pa Epulo 30, 2024 mpaka Meyi 28, 2024.
Zofunikira pakuwerengera zamtundu wa carbon
Biliyo imamveketsa bwino malamulo owerengera mapazi a kaboni, kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito, malire a dongosolo, ndi malamulo odulidwa. Magaziniyi imafotokoza makamaka tanthauzo la magwiridwe antchito ndi malire a dongosolo.
Chigawo chogwira ntchito
Tanthauzo:Mphamvu zonse zoperekedwa ndi batire pa nthawi yantchito ya batire (Ezonse), yofotokozedwa mu kWh.
Fomula yowerengera:
Mmenemo
a)Mphamvu yamagetsindi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito batri mu kWh kumayambiriro kwa moyo, mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito pamene akutulutsa batri yatsopano yodzaza kwathunthu mpaka malire a kukhetsa akhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo loyendetsa batire.
b)FEqC pachaka ndi chiwerengero cha nthawi zonse zofanana ndi ndalama zomwe zimatulutsidwa pachaka. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatire agalimoto, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
| Mtundu wagalimoto | Chiwerengero cha ndalama zotulutsa pa chaka |
| Magawo a M1 ndi N1 | 60 |
| Gulu L | 20 |
| Magulu M2, M3, N2 ndi N3 | 250 |
| Mitundu ina yamagalimoto amagetsi | Zili kwa wopanga mabatire kuti asankhe zoyenera kwambiri mwazomwe zili pamwambazi potengera kagwiritsidwe ntchito kagalimoto kapena galimoto yomwe batire imalumikizidwa nayo.. Mtengo udzakhala zolungamitsidwa mu zosindikizidwa mtundu wa maphunziro a carbon footprint. |
c)Ymakutu ogwira ntchitozimatsimikiziridwa ndi chitsimikizo chamalonda molingana ndi malamulo awa:
- Kutalika kwa chitsimikizo pa batire m'zaka zikugwira ntchito.
- Ngati palibe chitsimikizo chapadera pa batri, koma chitsimikizo pa galimoto yomwe batire idzagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena mbali za galimoto zomwe zimaphatikizapo batire, nthawi ya chitsimikizocho ikugwira ntchito.
- Mwa kunyoza mfundo i) ndi ii), ngati nthawi ya chitsimikizo ikuwonetsedwa muzaka zonse ndi ma kilomita iliyonse yomwe yafikiridwa poyamba, chiwerengero chachifupi kwambiri cha ziwirizo pazaka chikugwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, chinthu chotembenuka cha 20.000 km chofanana ndi chaka chimodzi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mabatire agwirizane ndi magalimoto opepuka; 5.000 km yofanana ndi chaka chimodzi kuti mabatire agwirizane ndi njinga zamoto; ndi 60.000 km wofanana ndi chaka chimodzi kuti mabatire aphatikizidwe mu magalimoto apakati komanso olemetsa.
- Ngati batire ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto angapo ndipo zotsatira za njirayo mu mfundo ii) ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, iii) zingakhale zosiyana pakati pa magalimotowo, chitsimikiziro chachifupi kwambiri chimagwira ntchito.
- Zitsimikizo zokha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu yotsalira ya 70% ya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya batri mu kWh kumayambiriro kwa moyo kapena kupitirira kwa mtengo wake woyamba idzaganiziridwa mu mfundo i) mpaka iv). Zitsimikizo zomwe sizimapatula zida zilizonse zomwe zili zofunika kuti batire igwire bwino ntchito kapena zomwe zimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kusungira batire popanda zomwe zili mkati mwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mabatire oterowo sizingaganizidwe mu mfundo i) iv).
- Ngati palibe chitsimikizo kapena chitsimikizo chokhacho sichikugwirizana ndi zofunikira pansi pa mfundo (v), chiwerengero cha zaka zisanu chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupatula ngati palibe chitsimikizo, monga ngati palibe kusamutsidwa kwa umwini wa batire kapena galimoto, pomwe wopanga batireyo azitha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zaka zogwira ntchito ndikuzilungamitsa mu kafukufuku wapagulu wa kafukufuku wa carbon footprint.
Malire a dongosolo
(1) .Kupeza zinthu zopangira ndi kukonza
Gawo la moyo uno limakhudza zochitika zonse zisanachitike gawo lalikulu lopanga zinthu, kuphatikiza:
L The m'zigawo za zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chisanadze processing mpaka ntchito mu zigawo mankhwala kulowa pa chipata cha malo oyamba kugwa pansi waukulu mankhwala kupanga mkombero moyo siteji.
l Mayendedwe a zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zapakatikati mkati, pakati ndi kuchokera m'zigawo ndi malo okonzeratu mpaka malo oyamba akugwera pansi pa gawo lalikulu la moyo wopanga zinthu.
L Kupanga cathode yogwira zinthu precursors, anode yogwira zinthu precursors, solvents kwa electrolyte mchere, mipope ndi madzimadzi kwa dongosolo matenthedwe conditioning.
(2) .Main mankhwala kupanga
Gawo la moyo wa batireli limakhudza kupanga batire kuphatikiza zonse zomwe zili mkati kapena zolumikizidwa kwamuyaya kunyumba ya batri. Gawo la moyo uno limachita izi:
L Cathode yogwira kupanga zinthu;
l Anode yogwira kupanga zinthu, kuphatikizapo kupanga ofgraphite ndi zolimba mpweya kuchokera akalambulabwalo ake;
l Kupanga kwa anode ndi cathode, kuphatikizapo kusakaniza zigawo za inki, zokutira inki pa osonkhanitsa, kuyanika, kalendala, ndi kudula;
l Electrolyte kupanga, kuphatikizapo electrolyte mchere kusakaniza;
l Kusonkhanitsa nyumba ndi matenthedwe dongosolo;
l Kusonkhanitsa zigawo za selo mu selo la batri, kuphatikizapo stacking / kupiringa kwa ma electrode ndi olekanitsa, kusonkhanitsa mu selo nyumba kapena thumba, jekeseni wa electrolyte, kutseka kwa selo, kuyesa ndi kupanga magetsi;
l Kusonkhanitsa maselo kukhala ma modules / paketi kuphatikizapo zida zamagetsi / zamagetsi, nyumba, ndi zigawo zina zofunika;
l Kusonkhanitsa ma modules ndi zida zamagetsi / zamagetsi, nyumba, ndi zina zofunikira mu batri yomalizidwa;
l Ntchito zonyamula zinthu zomaliza ndi zapakatikati kupita kumalo komwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;
(3).Kugawa
Gawo la moyo uno limakhudza kayendetsedwe ka batri kuchokera pamalo opangira batire mpaka kukayika batire pamsika. Zosungirako sizikuphimbidwa.
(4) .Mapeto a moyo ndi kubwezeretsanso
Gawo la moyo wa batireli limayamba pomwe batire kapena galimoto yomwe batireyo idalowetsedwamo imatayidwa kapena kutayidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo imatha pomwe batire yomwe ikukhudzidwayo imabwezeretsedwa ku chilengedwe ngati chinthu chotayika kapena kulowa m'moyo wa chinthu china ngati cholowa chobwezerezedwanso. Gawo la moyo uno limakhala ndi izi:
l Kusonkhanitsa zinyalala za batri;
l Kuwonongeka kwa batri;
l Kutenthetsa kapena kukonza makina, monga mphero zamabatire zinyalala;
l Kubwezeretsanso maselo a batri monga pyrometallurgical ndi hydrometallurgical treatment;
l Kupatukana ndi kutembenuka kukhala zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, monga zobwezeretsanso za aluminiyamu kuchokera m'bokosi;
l Mawaya osindikizidwa (PWB) obwezeretsanso;
l Kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndi kutaya.
Zindikirani: Zotsatira za kayendedwe ka galimoto yonyansa kupita ku galimoto yowonongeka, yoyendetsa mabatire a zinyalala kuchokera ku galimoto yochotsamo galimoto kupita kumalo osungiramo zinthu, za kukonzanso kwa mabatire a zinyalala, monga kuchotsa m'galimoto, kutulutsa. ndi kusanja, ndi kutha kwa batire ndi zigawo zake, sizikuphimbidwa.
Zotsatirazi sizikukhudzidwa ndi gawo lililonse la moyo:kupanga zinthu zazikulu, kuphatikizapo zida; kupanga zida zomangira; chigawo chilichonse, monga chotenthetsera chotenthetsera, chomwe sichili mkati mwanyumbayo; zowonjezera zowonjezera ku zomera zopangira zomwe sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi njira yopangira batri, kuphatikizapo kutentha ndi kuunikira kwa zipinda zaofesi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa, ntchito zachiwiri, njira zogulitsa malonda, maofesi oyang'anira ndi kafukufuku; kuphatikiza kwa batri m'galimoto.
Lamulo lodula:Pazolowetsa zakuthupi pagawo lililonse ladongosolo, zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa zimayenda ndi misa yochepera 1% zitha kunyalanyazidwa. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti misala ikuyenda bwino, misa yomwe ikusowa iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumayendedwe azinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la carbon footprint m'magawo ofunikira a dongosolo.
Kudulirako kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yopezera zinthu zopangira komanso kusanja moyo wanthawi zonse komanso gawo lalikulu la moyo wopangira zinthu.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, zolembazo zikuphatikizanso zofunikira zosonkhanitsira deta komanso zofunikira zamtundu. Mawerengedwe a carbon footprint akamaliza, chidziwitso chatanthauzo cha kuwerengera kwa carbon footprint chiyeneranso kuperekedwa kwa ogula ndi ena ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto. Idzawunikidwa ndi kutanthauziridwa mwatsatanetsatane m'magazini yamtsogolo.
Zofunikira pakulengeza zamtundu wa carbon
Mawonekedwe a chilengezo cha carbon footprint akuyenera kukhala monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzi pamwambapa, ndi izi:
l Wopanga (kuphatikiza dzina, nambala ya ID yolembetsa kapena chizindikiro cholembetsedwa)
l Mtundu wa batri (chizindikiritso)
l Adilesi ya wopanga mabatire
l Kukula kwa mpweya wozungulira moyo (【kuchuluka】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
Gawo la moyo:
l Kupeza zinthu zopangira ndi kukonzatu (【ndalama】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Kupanga kwakukulu kwazinthu (【kuchuluka】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Kugawa (【kuchuluka】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Mapeto a moyo ndi kubwezeretsanso (【ndalama】kg CO2-eq.per kWh)
l Nambala yozindikiritsa ya EU Declaration of Conformity
l Ulalo wapaintaneti wopatsa mwayi wofikira ku mtundu wa kafukufuku wapagulu womwe umathandizira mikhalidwe ya carbon footprint (zowonjezera zina)
Mapeto
Mabilu onsewa akadali otsegukira kuti apereke ndemanga. Bungwe la European Commission laona kuti ndondomekoyi sinavomerezedwe kapena kuvomerezedwa. Zolemba zoyamba ndi lingaliro loyambirira la ntchito za bungweli ndipo siziyenera kuwonedwa ngati chisonyezero cha udindo wa bungweli.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-07-2024