Kodi European Green Deal ndi chiyani?

Yakhazikitsidwa ndi European Commission mu Disembala 2019, European Green Deal ikufuna kukhazikitsa EU panjira yopita ku kusintha kobiriwira ndipo pamapeto pake.achinevekusalowerera ndale kwanyengo pofika 2050.

European Green Deal ndi ndondomeko ya ndondomeko kuyambira nyengo, chilengedwe, mphamvu, mayendedwe, mafakitale, ulimi, mpaka ndalama zokhazikika. Cholinga chake ndikusintha EU kukhala chuma chotukuka, chamakono komanso champikisano, kuwonetsetsa kuti mfundo zonse zofunikira zimathandizira kuti pakhale cholinga chomaliza kuti chisakhale chosagwirizana ndi nyengo.

Kodi Green Deal Imaphatikizapo Zotani?

—-Zokwanira kwa 55

Phukusi la Fit for 55 likufuna kupanga cholinga cha Green Deal kukhala lamulo, kutanthauza kuchepetsedwa kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 55% pofika 2030.ThePhukusi lili ndi malingaliro azamalamulo ndi zosintha zamalamulo omwe alipo a EU, yokonzedwa kuti ithandize EU kuchepetsa mpweya wotenthetsera mpweya komanso kukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale.

—-Circular Economy Action Plan

Pa Marichi 11, 2020, European Commission idasindikiza "A New Circular Economy Action Plan for a Cleaner and More Competitive Europe", yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa European Green Deal, yolumikizana kwambiri ndi European Industrial Strategy.

The Action Plan ikufotokoza mfundo zazikuluzikulu 35, ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika yazinthu monga gawo lake lalikulu, kuphatikiza kapangidwe kazinthu, njira zopangira, ndi njira zopatsa mphamvu ogula ndi ogula anthu. Njira zazikuluzikulu zidzayang'ana maunyolo ofunika kwambiri azinthu monga zamagetsi ndi ICT, mabatire ndi magalimoto, zonyamula, mapulasitiki, nsalu, zomangamanga ndi nyumba, komanso chakudya, madzi ndi zakudya. Kukonzanso kwa ndondomeko ya zowonongeka kumayembekezeredwanso. Makamaka, Action Plan ili ndi magawo anayi:

• Circularity in Sustainable Product Lifecycle
• Kupatsa Mphamvu Ogwiritsa Ntchito
• Targeting Key Industries
• Kuchepetsa Zinyalala

Circularity in Development and Production of Sustainable Products

Mbaliyi yapangidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti zinthuzo zimakhala zolimba komanso zosavuta kukonza, kupatsa mphamvu ogula kupanga zisankho zokhazikika.

Echizindikiro

Kuyambira mchaka cha 2009, Ecodesign Directive yakhazikitsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana (monga makompyuta, mafiriji, mapampu amadzi).Pa 27 Meyi 2024, Khonsolo idatenga zofunikira zatsopano za ecodesign pazinthu zokhazikika.

Malamulo atsopanowa akufuna:

² Khazikitsani zofunikira zokhazikika pazachilengedwe pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zayikidwa pamsika wa EU

² Pangani mapasipoti azinthu za digito omwe amapereka chidziwitso cha kusakhazikika kwazinthu zachilengedwe

² Letsani kuonongeka kwa zinthu zina zosagulitsidwa (nsalu ndi nsapato)

²

Rightku Kukonza

EU ikufuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ogula atha kufunafuna kukonzanso m'malo mongosintha ngati chinthu chawonongeka kapena cholakwika. Malamulo atsopano wamba adakonzedwa mu Marichi 2023 kuti athetse kutaya kwanthawi yayitali kwa zinthu zomwe zingakonzedwe.

Pa Meyi 30, 2024, Khonsolo idavomereza Ufulu Wokonza (R2R) Directive.Zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi izi:

² Ogula ali ndi ufulu wopempha opanga kukonza zinthu zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa mwaukadaulo malinga ndi malamulo a EU (monga makina ochapira, zotsukira kapena mafoni a m'manja).

² Tsamba laulere lokonzanso ku Europe

² Ntchito zapaintaneti zomwe zimalumikiza ogula ndi okonza

² Nthawi ya ngongole kwa wogulitsa imawonjezedwa kwa miyezi 12 pambuyo pokonza zinthu

Lamulo latsopanoli lichepetsanso zinyalala ndikulimbikitsa njira zamabizinesi okhazikika polimbikitsa opanga ndi ogula kuti atalikitse moyo wazinthu zawo.

Kuzungulira kwa njira yopangira

Industrial Emissions Directive ndi lamulo lalikulu la EU lothana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale.

Bungwe la EU posachedwapa lasintha lamulo lothandizira makampani kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha EU pofika chaka cha 2050, makamaka pothandizira matekinoloje azachuma komanso mabizinesi. Mu Novembala 2023, EU Council ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Europe adagwirizana kwakanthawi pakusintha kwa Directive pazokambirana zapatatu. Lamulo latsopanoli lidakhazikitsidwa ndi Khonsolo mu Epulo 2024.

Limbikitsani ogula

EU ikufuna kuletsa makampani kuti asanene zabodza ponena za ubwino wa chilengedwe cha mankhwala ndi ntchito zawo.

Pa 20 February 2024, Khonsolo idatengera lamulo lomwe cholinga chake chinali kulimbikitsa ufulu wa ogula pakusintha kobiriwira. Ogwiritsa ntchito a EU adzakhala:

² Kupeza zidziwitso zodalirika kuti mupange zisankho zoyenera zobiriwira, kuphatikiza kutha msanga

² Chitetezo chabwino kuzinthu zobiriwira zopanda chilungamo

² Kumvetsetsa bwino kukonzedwa kwa chinthu musanagule

Lamuloli limaperekanso chizindikiro chofananira chokhala ndi chidziwitso chokhazikika pazamalonda choperekedwa ndi wopanga.

Yesani makampani ofunikira

Dongosolo la zochita limayang'ana madera ena omwe amawononga zinthu zambiri komanso ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kobwezeretsanso.

Charger

Zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi ndi imodzi mwamitsinje yomwe ikukula mwachangu ku EU. Chifukwa chake, Circular Economy Action Plan ikupereka njira zopititsira patsogolo kulimba komanso kukonzanso bwino kwa zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Mu Novembala 2022, EU idavomerezaUniversal Charger Directive, zomwe zipangitsa kuti madoko oyitanitsa a USB Type-C akhale ofunikira pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi (mafoni am'manja, makina amasewera apakanema, ma kiyibodi opanda zingwe, ma laputopu, ndi zina).

Mafoni am'manja ndi mapiritsi apakompyuta

Malamulo atsopano a EU athandiza ogula kugula mafoni am'manja ndi makompyuta apakompyuta omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, zolimba komanso zosavuta kukonza pamsika wa EU chifukwa:

² Malamulo a Ecodesign amakhazikitsa zofunikira zochepa kuti batire ikhale yolimba, kupezeka kwa zida zosinthira, ndi kukweza makina ogwiritsira ntchito

² Malamulo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi amalamula kuti anthu aziwonetsa zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso moyo wa batri, komanso kuchuluka kwa kukonzanso

Mabungwe a Eu akusintha malamulo okhudza zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zotayidwa, kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo monga makompyuta, mafiriji ndi mapanelo a photovoltaic.

Battery ndi zinyalala batire

Mu 2023, EU idakhazikitsa lamulo lokhudza mabatire lomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga chuma chozungulira chamakampani poyang'ana magawo onse a moyo wa batri, kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kutaya zinyalala. Kusunthaku ndikofunika, makamaka potengera chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi.

Kupaka

Mu Novembala 2022, Coucil idakonza zosintha pamalamulo a zinyalala ndikuyika. Commission idachita mgwirizano kwakanthawi ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Europe mu Marichi 2024.

Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zamalingaliro ndi izi:

² Kupakakuchepetsa zinyalalazolinga za Member State level

² Chepetsani kulongedza kwambiri

² Imathandiza kugwiritsa ntchitonso ndi kuwonjezera machitidwe

² Kubwezeredwa kovomerezeka kwa depositi kumabotolo apulasitiki ndi zitini za aluminiyamu

Pulasitiki

Kuyambira chaka cha 2018, European Circular Economy Plastics Strategy ikufuna kupititsa patsogolo kubwezeretsedwanso kwa mapaketi apulasitiki ndikupereka kuyankha mwamphamvu ku microplastics.

² Kupangitsa kuti kubwezereranso ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala kukhale kovomerezeka pazinthu zazikulu

² Ndondomeko yatsopano ya mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi biobased, biodegradable and compotable kuti afotokoze bwino komwe mapulasitikiwa angabweretse phindu lenileni la chilengedwe.

² Chitanipo kanthu kuti muthetse kutulutsidwa kwa ma microplastic mwangozi m'chilengedwe kuti muchepetse zinyalala za pulasitiki

Zovala

Commission's EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles cholinga chake ndi kupanga nsalu kukhala yolimba, yokonzeka, yogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso yogwiritsidwanso ntchito pofika chaka cha 2030.

Mu Julayi 2023, Commission idapereka lingaliro:

² Awonetsere kuti opanga aziyankha pa moyo wawo wonse wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsalu poonjezera udindo wa opanga

² Kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha gulu la nsalu zosiyanasiyana, kusankha, kugwiritsira ntchito ndi kubwezeretsanso, popeza Mayiko a Membala akuyenera kukhazikitsa njira yosonkhanitsira nsalu zapakhomo pasanafike pa 1 January 2025.

² Kuthetsa vuto lotumiza zinyalala za nsalu kunja kwa boma

Khonsolo ikuunika lingalirolo pansi pa njira zamalamulo wamba.

Malamulo okhazikika a ecodesign ya zinthu ndi malamulo oyendetsa zinyalala akuyembekezekanso kuthandiza kukhazikitsa zofunikira pakupanga nsalu ndikuchepetsa kutumiza zinyalala kunja.

Cmalangizo mankhwala

Mu Disembala 2023, Khonsolo ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo adagwirizana kwakanthawi pakusintha kwalamulo lazomangamanga lomwe bungwe la Commission likufuna. Malamulo atsopanowa amayambitsa zofunikira zatsopano zowonetsetsa kuti zomanga zimapangidwira ndikupangidwa kuti zikhale zolimba, zokonzedwa mosavuta, zobwezeretsedwanso komanso zosavuta kuzipanganso.

Wopanga ayenera:

² Perekani zambiri zokhudza chilengedwe chokhudza moyo wa malonda

² Pangani ndi kupanga zinthu m'njira yothandizira kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso

² Zida zobwezerezedwanso ndizokonda

² Perekani malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi kuchitira zinthu

Kuchepetsa zinyalala

EU ikugwira ntchito zingapo zolimbikitsira ndikukhazikitsa bwino malamulo a zinyalala a EU.

Zolinga zochepetsera zinyalala

Lamulo la zinyalala, lomwe likugwira ntchito kuyambira Julayi 2020, limapereka malamulo oti mayiko omwe ali mamembala:

² Pofika mchaka cha 2025, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi zobwezeretsanso ndi 55%

² Onetsetsani kuti nsalu zasonkhanitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito, kukonzekera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi kukonzanso pofika 1 Januware 2025.

² Onetsetsani kuti zatoledwa padera za biowaste kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito, kukonzekera kugwiritsiridwanso ntchito ndi kubwezerezedwanso pofika pa 31 December 2023

² Fikirani zochulukira zobwezerezedwanso zazinthu zolongedza pofika 2025 ndi 2030

Malo opanda poizoni

Kuyambira 2020, njira yokhazikika yazamankhwala a EU ikufuna kuthandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala ndi otetezeka ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.

² Pa 24 October 2022, pansi pa ndondomeko yoyendetsera chuma, EU inavomereza kukonzanso malamulowo.pa zowononga organic zosalekeza(PoPs), mankhwala owopsa omwe angapezeke mu zinyalala zochokera kuzinthu zogula (monga nsalu zosalowa madzi, mapulasitiki, ndi zida zamagetsi).

Malamulo atsopanowa akufunakuchepetsa ndende malire mfundochifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma PoP mu zinyalala, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma chozungulira, pomwe zinyalala zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira ngati zida zachiwiri.

² Mu June 2023, khonsolo idavomereza zokambirana zake pakuwunikidwanso kwa kagawidwe, kulemba zilembo ndi kulongedza kwa malamulo a mankhwala omwe bungwe la Commission likufuna. Njira zomwe zaperekedwa zikuphatikizanso malamulo apadera a mankhwala omwe angawonjezeredwenso omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zinyalala zamapaketi.

Secondary zopangira

Bungweli lidatengera lamulo lofunika kwambiri lazinthu zopangira zinthu, lomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa magawo onse a unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa zida zopangira zinthu ku Europe kuphatikiza pakuwongolera kuzungulira ndi kubwezeretsanso.

Bungwe la EU Council ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo adagwirizana kwakanthawi pankhaniyi mu Novembala 2023. Malamulo atsopanowa adakhazikitsa cholinga chosachepera 25% yazakudya zofunikira pachaka za EU zomwe zimachokera ku zobwezeretsanso m'nyumba.

Kutumiza zinyalala

Bungwe ndi okambirana nawo a European Parliament adachita mgwirizano wandale kuti asinthe malamulo okhudza kutumiza zinyalala mu November 2023. Malamulowa adavomerezedwa ndi Bungwe mu March 2024. - Mayiko a EU.

² Kuonetsetsa kuti zonyansa zotumizidwa kunja sizikuwononga chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu

² Kuthana ndi zotumiza zosaloledwa

Lamuloli likufuna kuchepetsa kutumizidwa kwa zinyalala zomwe zili ndi zovuta kupita kunja kwa EU, kukonza njira zotumizira kuti ziwonetse zolinga zachuma chozungulira, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kake. Imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala mu EU.

Chidule

EU yakonza njira zingapo za ndondomeko, monga lamulo latsopano la batri, malamulo a eco-design, ufulu wokonza (R2R), universal charger directive, etc., kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosatha kwa mankhwala, ndi cholinga choyambitsa msewu. za kusintha kobiriwira ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga chosalowerera ndale mu 2050. Ndondomeko za EU za Green Economy ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi makampani opanga zinthu. Makampani oyenerera omwe ali ndi zosowa zochokera ku EU akuyenera kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka mfundo za EU munthawi yake ndikusintha.