Mapazi a carbon

Mbiri ndi ndondomeko yaEU's “Kuwongolera Kwatsopano Kwa Battery”

Malamulo a EU pa Mabatire ndi Zinyalala Mabatire,amadziwikanso kutiEU ya New Battery Regulation, idaperekedwa ndi EU mu Disembala 2020 kuti ichotse pang'onopang'ono Directive 2006/66/EC, kusintha Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020, ndikusintha malamulo a batire a EU.

Directive ya batri yamakono (2006/66/EC), yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 2006, makamaka imayika malire pamtengo wochepetsera ndikuyika chizindikiro cha zinthu zovulaza (mercury, cadmium ndi lead) zomwe zili m'mabatire omwe amayikidwa pamsika wa EU, koma samanenanso magwiridwe antchito ena. zizindikiro pa siteji ya batire kupanga, ntchito ndi yobwezeretsanso. TheKuwongolera Kwatsopano Kwa Battery zimapanga kupereŵera kumeneku, kupempha mndandanda wa zofunikira za mabatire okhazikika, osinthika komanso otetezeka, kuphatikizapo malamulo a carbon footprint, zochepa zobwezeretsanso, machitidwe ndi machitidwe okhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa carbon footprint mu kusintha kwa batri iyi kwakopa chidwi chapadera kuchokera kwa opanga. Posachedwapa, MCM yalandira mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi izi, chifukwa chake timasintha ndikusanthula zomwe zili ndi zofunikira za carbon footprint pano kuti muwonetsetse.

Zofunikira pakukula kwa kaboni 

Mutu 7 waKuwongolera Kwatsopano Kwa Battery ndi za carbon footprint zofunika mabatire amagetsi galimoto, magalimoto kuwala ndi mabatire mafakitale. Mabatire amagetsi amagetsi ndi mabatire a mafakitale owonjezera omwe amatha kupitilira 2kWh ayenera kutsagana ndi zikalata zaukadaulo. Mtundu uliwonse wa batri ndi gulu lililonse lopangira zinthu liyenera kukhala ndi mawu a carbon footprint, kuphatikiza:

(a) Zambiri za wopanga;

(b) Zolemba za mtundu wa batri yomwe chilengezocho chikugwira ntchito;

(c) Chidziwitso cha malo opangira mabatire;

(d) Mpweya wa carbon wa moyo wa batri uli mu kilogalamu ya CO₂ zofanana;

(e) Mphamvu ya kaboni ya batri pagawo lililonse la moyo wake;

(f) Nambala yozindikiritsa ya chilengezo cha EU chogwirizana cha batri

Njira yowerengera ya carbon footprint

Njira zowerengera za carbon footprint zaperekedwa mu Appendix II yaKuwongolera Kwatsopano Kwa Battery. Pali mitundu itatu:

1) Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN

2) Malamulo a Gulu Loyang'anira Zachilengedwe (PEFCRs)

https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en

3) Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo m'munda wa moyo wanthawi zonse

Chigawo

Kuwerengera kwa moyo wa carbon footprint kuyenera kutengera mtengo wazinthu, mphamvu ndi zida zothandizira kupanga mtundu wina wa batri pachomera china. Makamaka, zida zamagetsi (monga ma unit kasamalidwe a batri, magawo otetezedwa) ndi zida zabwino zama electrode ndizothandizira kwambiri pamabatire a carbon. Mawu a carbon footprint ayenera kukhala amtundu wa batri wopangidwa pamalo enaake opangira. Zosintha pamndandanda wazinthu kapena kusakanikirana kwamphamvu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumafuna kuwerengera kwatsopano kwamtundu wa mpweya wa batri.

Mulingo wa Carbon footprint performance

Kutengera kugawa kwa carbon footprint yomwe yalengezedwa mtengo wa batire pamsika, kuwunika kwa carbon footprint kudzatsimikiziridwa kuti akwaniritse kusiyana kwa msika. Gulu A ndiye gulu labwino kwambiri lomwe lili ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri ya carbon footprint pa moyo. Komitiyi iwona momwe mabatire akumafakitale amapitilira 2kWh kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, mabatire omwe amadutsa malire a carbon footprint sangatumizidwe ku EU.

Tsiku lokhazikitsidwa ndi Carbon footprint

²Kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2024, mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi, mabatire a magalimoto opepuka komanso mabatire aku mafakitale adzafunika kulengeza zamayendedwe awo a kaboni;

²Kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2025, mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi, mabatire a magalimoto opepuka komanso mabatire aku mafakitale adzafunika kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a carbon;

(European Commission isindikiza njira yowerengera pofika 31 Disembala 2024)

²Kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2027, mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi, mabatire agalimoto zopepuka komanso mabatire akumafakitale okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 2kWh adzafunika kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu la moyo wa carbon footprint.

(European Commission ipereka chiwongolero cha mpweya pofika pa Julayi 1, 2025)

Mtengo wa carbon

Chiyambi chachidule

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM) ndi msonkho wapadera wotulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide pazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti msonkho wa carbon border. Mu 2021, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa mpweya wa kaboni ndi 55% pofika 2030, EU idakhazikitsa.Zokwanira kwa 55, mndandanda wa malamulo okonzekera kuphatikizapo ma carbon tariffs.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito

CBAM imakwirira minda yachitsulo, simenti, feteleza, aluminiyamu ndi magetsi, mankhwala (hydrogen, ammonia, ammonia madzi) ndi ma polima (pulasitiki). Maiko kapena zigawo zina sizimalipidwa misonkho yoyenera, makamaka maiko omwe si a EU kapena zigawo zomwe zalowa mu EU emissions trading system, kapena mayiko ndi zigawo zomwe zavomerezana njira yogulitsira zotulutsa mpweya wa EU, koma kupatula China.

Nkhani ya msonkho

Mutu wa msonkho wa CBAM ndi wotumiza kunja ku EU.Ogulitsa kunja akuyenera kulembetsa ku bungwe loyang'anira EU CBAM ndipo akhoza kuitanitsa katundu woyenerera pokhapokha atavomerezedwa. Nayi njira yowerengera mtengo:

Ndalama za CBAM = mtengo wa kaboni pa unit (EUR/tani) x kutulutsa mpweya (tani)

Mpweya wa carbon (matani)=cmphamvu ya arbon emission × kuchuluka kwazinthu (matani)

Nthawi yosinthira

CBAM iyamba ntchito yoyeserera mu Okutobala chaka chino. Nthawi yochokera ku 2023 mpaka 2026 ikhala gawo loyeserera la CBAM. Munthawi yakusintha, otumiza kunja ku EU adzangofunika kutumiza zotulutsa zotulutsa kotala (zambiri za kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja kwa kotala, kutulutsa kwa kaboni mwachindunji ndi kosalunjika kwa zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja, ndalama zotulutsa kaboni zomwe zimalipidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kudziko lomwe adachokera, etc.) ndipo sizidzafunidwa kulipira mitengo ya carbon pa zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja. Kuyambira 2027 kupita m'tsogolo, ogulitsa kunja kwa EU adzafunika kupereka ndalama zofananira ndi zidziwitso zamagetsi za CBAM, ndiye kuti, mitengo ya kaboni idzakhazikitsidwa.

Zindikirani: 1. Kutulutsa kwa carbon Direct: Kutulutsa kwa chinthu panthawi yopanga motsogozedwa ndi wopanga.

2. Kutulutsa kwa kaboni kosalunjika: Kutulutsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi panthawi yopanga zinthu.

EU CAM imagwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yozungulira moyo kuyeza kutulutsa mpweya. Ngati bizinesi silingathe kuwerengera molondola, mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya wokhazikika ndiyo kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa kaboni wotsika kwambiri (pansi pa 10%) wamabizinesi kupanga zinthu zamtundu womwewo m'dziko lotumiza kunja. Ngati kampaniyo sipereka chidziwitso chokhudza kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon otsika kwambiri (pansi pa 5%) mwa mabizinesi omwe amapanga zinthu zamtundu womwewo ku EU adzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mapeto

Mpweya wa kaboni umayenda m'moyo wonse wa batri, kuphatikiza zopangira, kupanga, mayendedwe othandizira, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kubwezeretsanso. Mayiko a EUKuwongolera Kwatsopano Kwa Battery ndi mitengo ya kaboni imayang'anira kwambiri kutulutsa kwa kaboni wazinthu, ndikupanga zofunikira zolimba komanso zomveka bwino pakulengeza kwa batire, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi ziwopsezo, ndi zida zobwezerezedwanso. Pakali pano, China batire makampani alibe okhwima mpweya footprint mlandu mfundo ndi njira, ndi batire mpweya footprint deta kwenikweni akusowekapo. Kaya ndi kulengeza koyambirira kwa carbon footprint, kapena kutsika kwa mpweya wotsatira ndi malamulo oyambira kubweretsa zovuta pamtengo wogulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja. Tsopano pali makampani ena a batire apanyumba akhazikitsa zinthu za zero-carbon, masitolo a zero-carbon, mafakitale a zero-carbon. Makampani ena akuyeneranso kumvetsetsa munthawi yake ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo a EU posachedwa, kuwonetsetsa kuti kutumiza kwa mabatire ndi zinthu zina ku EU kukutsatira malamulowo.

Mwezi wotsatira udzakubweretserani matanthauzidwe a zigawo za mabatire zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu Chaputala 8 cha EU's Kuwongolera Kwatsopano Kwa Battery: mabatire onyamula, mabatire oyendera kuwala, mabatire a mafakitale, mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi ndi mabatire agalimoto.