Pakalipano, ngozi zambiri zachitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu-ion zimachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dera lachitetezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire yotenthetsera kuthawa ndipo imayambitsa moto ndi kuphulika.Chifukwa chake, kuti muzindikire kugwiritsa ntchito motetezeka kwa batire ya lithiamu, kapangidwe kake kachitetezo ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo mitundu yonse ya zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa batire ya lithiamu ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Kuphatikiza pa kupanga, zolephera zimayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu zakunja, monga kuchulukitsa, kutulutsa kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.Ngati magawowa akuyang'aniridwa mu nthawi yeniyeni ndipo njira zodzitetezera zidzatengedwa zikasintha, zochitika za kuthawa kwa kutentha zingathe kupewedwa.Mapangidwe achitetezo a batri ya lithiamu akuphatikizapo zinthu zingapo: kusankha kwa ma cell, kapangidwe kake komanso kapangidwe ka chitetezo cha BMS.

Kusankha kwa ma cell

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha maselo momwe kusankha kwa zinthu zama cell ndi maziko.Chifukwa cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana, chitetezo chimasiyanasiyana muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za cathode za batri ya lithiamu.Mwachitsanzo, lithiamu iron phosphate imakhala ngati olivine, yomwe imakhala yokhazikika komanso yosavuta kugwa.Lithium cobaltate ndi lithiamu ternary, komabe, ndizomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwa.Kusankhidwa kwa olekanitsa ndikofunikanso kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito yake ikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha selo.Chifukwa chake pakusankhidwa kwa cell, osati malipoti ozindikira okha komanso momwe wopanga amapangira, zida ndi magawo awo aziganiziridwa.

Kamangidwe kamangidwe

Mapangidwe a batri makamaka amaganizira zofunikira za kutchinjiriza ndi kutulutsa kutentha.

• Zofunikira pakuyatsa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo izi: Kutsekereza pakati pa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa;Insulation pakati pa selo ndi mpanda;Kusungunula pakati pa mitengo yamtengo ndi mpanda;PCB magetsi katayanitsidwe ndi creepage mtunda, mawaya mamangidwe mkati, grounding kapangidwe, etc.
• Kutaya kwa kutentha kumakhala kosungirako mphamvu zazikulu kapena mabatire oyendetsa.Chifukwa cha mphamvu zambiri zamabatirewa, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa poyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa kumakhala kwakukulu.Ngati kutentha sikungatheke panthawi yake, kutentha kumachulukana ndipo kumabweretsa ngozi.Chifukwa chake, kusankha ndi kapangidwe ka zida zotsekera (ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina komanso zofunikira zoletsa fumbi komanso zosalowa madzi), kusankha kwa njira yozizira ndi zina zamkati zamatenthedwe, kutulutsa kutentha ndi kuzimitsa moto ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

Pakusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsira batire, chonde onani zomwe zidatulutsidwa kale.

Mapangidwe achitetezo ogwira ntchito

Zomwe zimapangidwira komanso zamankhwala zimatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo sizingachepetse mphamvu yothamangitsira ndi kutulutsa.Kuthamangitsa ndi kutulutsa voteji kupitilira kuchuluka kwake, kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa batri ya lithiamu.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera dera lachitetezo kuti musunge voliyumu komanso momwe ma cell amkati azikhala mwachizolowezi pamene batire ya lithiamu ikugwira ntchito.Kwa BMS ya mabatire, ntchito zotsatirazi ndizofunika:

• Kulipiritsa pachitetezo chamagetsi: Kuchulukirachulukira ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zothamangitsira kutentha.Pambuyo pochulukirachulukira, zinthu za cathode zidzagwa chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa lithiamu ion, ndipo electrode yoyipa idzakhalanso ndi mpweya wa lithiamu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kukhazikika kwa kutentha komanso kuwonjezereka kwa zochitika zam'mbali, zomwe zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha kuthawa kwamafuta.Choncho, m'pofunika kwambiri kudula panopa mu nthawi pambuyo naupereka kufika chapamwamba malire voteji selo.Izi zimafuna kuti BMS ikhale ndi ntchito yolipiritsa pachitetezo chamagetsi, kuti magetsi a cell azikhala mkati mwa malire ogwirira ntchito.Zingakhale bwino kuti magetsi otetezera sia mtengo wosiyanasiyana ndipo amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa angapangitse batire kulephera kudula panopa panthawi yomwe ili ndi ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.Mphamvu yoteteza ya BMS nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuti ikhale yofanana kapena yotsika pang'ono kuposa magetsi apamwamba a cell.
• Kulipiritsa pa chitetezo chapano: Kulipiritsa batire ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi, kungayambitse kutentha kwambiri.Kutentha kukachuluka kusungunula diaphragm, kungayambitse kufupi kwapakati.Chifukwa chake kulipiritsa panthawi yake pachitetezo chapano nakonso ndikofunikira.Tiyenera kusamala kuti chitetezo chamakono sichingakhale chokwera kuposa kulolerana kwa ma cell pamapangidwe.
• Kutulutsa pansi pa chitetezo chamagetsi: Magetsi akulu kwambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri amawononga magwiridwe antchito a batri.Kutulutsa kosalekeza pansi pa voteji kumapangitsa kuti mkuwa ukhale wocheperako komanso ma elekitirodi olakwika agwa, motero batire imatuluka pansi pachitetezo chamagetsi.
• Kutulutsa pachitetezo chapano: Zambiri za PCB zimayimbidwa ndikutulutsa kudzera mu mawonekedwe omwewo, pakadali pano chitetezo ndi kutulutsa kotetezedwa ndizofanana.Koma mabatire ena, makamaka mabatire a zida zamagetsi, kuthamangitsa mwachangu ndi mitundu ina ya mabatire ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa kwakukulu komweku kapena kuyitanitsa, zomwe zilipo sizikugwirizana panthawiyi, choncho ndi bwino kulipira ndi kutulutsa muzitsulo ziwiri.
• Kutetezedwa kwafupipafupi: Kuzungulira kwa batri ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika kwambiri.Kugundana kwina, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, kufinya, kusowa, kulowetsa madzi, ndi zina zambiri, ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti pakhale njira zazifupi.Dongosolo lalifupi lidzatulutsa nthawi yomweyo kutulutsa kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa batri kukweze kwambiri.Pa nthawi yomweyo, mndandanda wa electrochemical zimachitikira kawirikawiri zimachitika mu selo pambuyo kunja dera lalifupi, zomwe zimabweretsa angapo exothermic zimachitikira.Chitetezo chozungulira pafupi ndi mtundu wa chitetezo chapano.Koma chigawo chachifupi chamakono chidzakhala chopanda malire, ndipo kutentha ndi kuvulaza kumakhalanso kosatha, choncho chitetezo chiyenera kukhala chovuta kwambiri ndipo chikhoza kuyambitsidwa.Njira zodzitchinjiriza zazifupi zimaphatikizanso zolumikizira, fuse, mos, ndi zina.
• Kuteteza kupitirira kutentha: Batire imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha komwe kuli.Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri kumakhudza ntchito yake.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusunga batire ikugwira ntchito mkati mwa kutentha kwa malire.BMS iyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yoteteza kutentha kuti iyimitse batire pamene kutentha kwakwera kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri.Itha kugawidwa muchitetezo cha kutentha komanso chitetezo cha kutentha, etc.
• Kusanja ntchito: Kwa kope ndi mabatire ena ambiri, pali kusagwirizana pakati pa maselo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kupanga.Mwachitsanzo, maselo ena mkati kukana ndi lalikulu kuposa ena.Kusagwirizana kumeneku kudzaipiraipira pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha chilengedwe chakunja.Choncho, m'pofunika kukhala ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.Pali mitundu iwiri yofananira:

1.Passive balancing: Gwiritsani ntchito hardware, monga voliyumu comparator, ndiyeno ntchito kukana kutentha dissipation kumasula mphamvu yochuluka ya batire mkulu mphamvu.Koma mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi yayikulu, liwiro la kufananitsa ndi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu zake ndizochepa.

2.Kulinganiza kwachangu: gwiritsani ntchito ma capacitor kuti musunge mphamvu zama cell ndi ma voliyumu apamwamba ndikuzitulutsa ku cell ndi magetsi otsika.Komabe, pamene kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa maselo oyandikana nawo kuli kochepa, nthawi yofanana ndi yaitali, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ya equalization imatha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta.

Kutsimikizika kokhazikika

Pomaliza, ngati mukufuna mabatire anu bwinobwino kulowa mayiko kapena msika zoweta, iwonso ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zokhudzana kuonetsetsa chitetezo batire lithiamu-ion.Kuchokera ku ma cell kupita ku mabatire ndi zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yofananira.Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zachitetezo cha batri m'nyumba pazamagetsi a IT.

GB 31241-2022

Muyezo uwu ndi wa mabatire a zida zamagetsi zonyamulika.Imaganizira kwambiri za nthawi ya 5.2 yogwira ntchito yotetezeka, 10.1 mpaka 10.5 zofunikira za chitetezo cha PCM, 11.1 ku 11.5 zofunikira za chitetezo pa dera la chitetezo cha dongosolo (pamene batri palokha ilibe chitetezo), 12.1 ndi 12.2 zofunikira zosagwirizana, ndi Zowonjezera A (zolemba) .

u Term 5.2 imafuna kuti magawo a cell ndi batri agwirizane, zomwe zitha kumveka ngati magawo ogwirira ntchito a batri sayenera kupitilira kuchuluka kwa ma cell.Komabe, kodi magawo achitetezo a batri akuyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti magawo ogwiritsira ntchito batire sakupitilira kuchuluka kwa ma cell?Pali kumvetsetsa kosiyana, koma kuchokera pamalingaliro achitetezo cha kapangidwe ka batri, yankho ndi inde.Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa cell (kapena cell block) ndi 3000mA, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa batire sikuyenera kupitilira 3000mA, komanso kutetezedwa kwa batire kuyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti pakalipano pakuthawirako sikuyenera kupitilira. 3000mA.Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe tingatetezere bwino ndikupewa zoopsa.Kuti mupange magawo achitetezo, chonde onani Zowonjezera A. Imaganizira kapangidwe kake ka cell - batri - host yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ili yokwanira.

u Kwa mabatire okhala ndi dera loteteza, kuyesa kwa chitetezo cha 10.1 ~ 10.5 batire ndikofunikira.Mutuwu umayang'ana makamaka pakulipiritsa chitetezo chamagetsi, kulipiritsa chitetezo chapano, kutulutsa pansi pachitetezo chamagetsi, kutulutsa chitetezo chapano komanso chitetezo chanthawi yochepa.Izi zatchulidwa pamwambapaMapangidwe a Chitetezo Chogwira Ntchitondi zofunika zofunika.GB 31241 imafuna kuyang'ana nthawi 500.

u Ngati batire yopanda chitetezo imatetezedwa ndi chojambulira kapena chipangizo chomaliza, kuyesa kwa chitetezo cha 11.1 ~ 11.5 dongosolo lachitetezo kumachitidwa ndi chipangizo choteteza kunja.Kuwongolera kwamagetsi, zamakono ndi kutentha kwa ndalama ndi kutulutsa kumafufuzidwa makamaka.Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, poyerekeza ndi mabatire omwe ali ndi mabwalo oteteza, mabatire opanda mabwalo oteteza amatha kudalira chitetezo cha zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni.Chiwopsezo ndi chachikulu, kotero kuti ntchito yabwinobwino komanso vuto limodzi lidzayesedwa mosiyana.Izi zimakakamiza chipangizo chomaliza kukhala ndi chitetezo chapawiri;apo ayi sichingapambane mayeso mu Chaputala 11.

u Pomaliza, ngati pali angapo angapo ma cell mu batire, muyenera kuganizira chodabwitsa cha kuyitanitsa kosagwirizana.Kuyesedwa kogwirizana ndi mutu 12 ndikofunikira.Ntchito zotetezedwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa PCB zimafufuzidwa apa.Izi sizofunikira pamabatire a cell imodzi.

GB 4943.1-2022

Muyezo uwu ndi wazinthu za AV.Pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zoyendetsedwa ndi batire, mtundu watsopano wa GB 4943.1-2022 umapereka zofunikira zenizeni zamabatire mu Zowonjezera M, kuwunika zida zomwe zili ndi mabatire ndi mabwalo awo oteteza.Kutengera kuwunika kwa dera lachitetezo cha batri, zofunikira zina zachitetezo pazida zomwe zili ndi mabatire achiwiri a lithiamu zawonjezedwa.

u Chigawo chachiwiri cha chitetezo cha batri la lithiamu makamaka chimafufuza mochulukira, kutulutsa mopitirira muyeso, kubwezera kumbuyo, kulipiritsa chitetezo cha chitetezo (kutentha), chitetezo chafupipafupi, ndi zina zotero.Chofunikira ichi sichinatchulidwe mu batri muyeso wa GB 31241. Choncho popanga ntchito yotetezera batri, tifunika kugwirizanitsa zofunikira za batri ndi wolandira.Ngati batire ili ndi chitetezo chimodzi chokha ndipo palibe zowonjezera zowonjezera, kapena batire ilibe dera lachitetezo ndipo dera lachitetezo limaperekedwa ndi wolandira, wolandirayo ayenera kuphatikizidwa ku gawo ili la mayeso.

Mapeto

Pomaliza, kupanga batire yotetezeka, kuwonjezera pa kusankha kwazinthu zokha, kapangidwe kake kotsatira ndi kapangidwe kachitetezo kogwira ntchito ndikofunikira.Ngakhale kuti miyezo yosiyana imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyana pa malonda, ngati chitetezo cha batri chikhoza kuganiziridwa mokwanira kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira za misika yosiyanasiyana, nthawi yotsogolera ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo mankhwala akhoza kufulumizitsidwa ku msika.Kuphatikiza pakuphatikiza malamulo, malamulo ndi miyezo yamayiko ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikiranso kupanga zinthu potengera momwe mabatire amagwiritsidwira ntchito pazinthu zomaliza.