Kodi mabatire a lithiamu amawerengedwa ngati zinthu zoopsa?

Inde, mabatire a lithiamu amagawidwa ngati zinthu zoopsa.

Malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi mongaMalangizo pa Mayendedwe a Katundu Woopsa(TDG), ndiKatundu Woopsa Panyanja Padziko Lonse(IMDG Code), ndiMalangizo Aukadaulo Okhudza Mayendedwe Otetezeka a Katundu Wowopsa ndi Ndegelofalitsidwa ndi International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), mabatire a lithiamu amagwera pansi pa Gulu 9: Zinthu zowopsa ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zinthu zowononga chilengedwe.

Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi manambala 5 a UN omwe amasankhidwa potengera mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito ndi njira zoyendera:

• Mabatire a lithiamu amadziyimira: Atha kugawidwanso kukhala mabatire a lithiamu zitsulo ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ofanana ndi manambala a UN UN3090 ndi UN3480, motsatana.
• Mabatire a lithiamu amaikidwa pazida: Momwemonso, amagawidwa kukhala mabatire a lithiamu zitsulo ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ofanana ndi manambala a UN UN3091 ndi UN3481, motsatana.
• Magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi batire la Lithium kapena zida zodziyendetsa zokha: Zitsanzo ndi magalimoto amagetsi, njinga zamagetsi, ma scooters amagetsi, zikuku zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, zogwirizana ndi nambala ya UN3171.

Kodi mabatire a lithiamu amafunikira kulongedza zinthu zowopsa?

Malinga ndi malamulo a TDG, mabatire a lithiamu omwe amafunikira kunyamula katundu wowopsa akuphatikizapo:

• Mabatire achitsulo a lithiamu kapena mabatire a lithiamu aloyi okhala ndi lithiamu woposa 1g.
• Lithium zitsulo kapena lithiamu aloyi batire mapaketi ndi okwana lithiamu zili kupitirira 2g.
• Mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe ali ndi mphamvu yovotera yopitilira 20 Wh, ndi mapaketi a batri a lithiamu-ion okhala ndi mphamvu yovotera yopitilira 100 Wh.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mabatire a lithiamu osaphatikizidwa ndi katundu wowopsa akufunikabe kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ola la watt pazoyika zakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, akuyenera kuwonetsa zizindikiritso za batri ya lithiamu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo malire ofiira odukaduka ndi chizindikiro chakuda chowonetsa kuopsa kwa moto pamapaketi a batri ndi ma cell.

Kodi zofunika zoyezetsa ndi ziti musanatumize mabatire a lithiamu?

Asanatumize mabatire a lithiamu okhala ndi manambala a UN UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, ndi UN3091, ayenera kuyesedwa kangapo malinga ndi Ndime 38.3 ya Gawo III la United Nations'Malangizo pa Mayendedwe a Katundu Woopsa - Buku la Mayesero ndi Zofunikira. Mayeserowa akuphatikiza: kuyezetsa kokwera, kuyesa njinga zamoto (kutentha kwambiri ndi kutsika), kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, kuzungulira kwakunja kwa 55 ℃, kukhudza, kuphwanya, kuchulukira, komanso kutulutsa mokakamiza. Mayeserowa amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuyenda kotetezeka kwa mabatire a lithiamu.

Kodi njira zotumizira kunja kwa mabatire a lithiamu ndi ziti?

Malinga ndi Article 17 yaLamulo la Anthu's Republic of China pa Inspect and Export Commodity Inspection, mabizinesi omwe akupanga zotengera zonyamula katundu wonyamula katundu wowopsa akuyenera kufunsira kwa oyang'anira oyang'anira ndikuyika kwaokha kuti awone momwe zotengerazo zikuyendera. Mabizinesi omwe akupanga ndi kutumiza zinthu zoopsa kunja akuyenera kufunsira kuti agwiritse ntchito zotengerazo kuchokera ku bungwe loyang'anira ndikuyika kwaokha. Chifukwa chake, pamabatire a lithiamu omwe ali m'matumba azinthu zowopsa, bizinesiyo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito miyambo yakumaloko kuti iwunikenso magwiridwe antchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuyesa musanatumize. Bizinesiyo ikufunika kupezaFomu Yoyendera Yoyendera Katundu Wakutuluka PakunyamulandiKatundu Woopsa Wotuluka Pakuyika Pakuyika Gwiritsani Ntchito Fomu Yakuyesa Zotsatira. Njira zolembera zitha kusinthidwa molingana ndi malamulo oyenera mongaChilengezo cha Digitization of Inspection and Quarantine Documents.

Mabizinesi omwe akupanga mapaketi otumizira kunja zinthu zoopsa akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito miyambo yakumalokoFomu Yoyendera Yoyendera Katundu Wakutuluka Pakunyamula. Nthawi yovomerezeka ya fomuyi imatsimikiziridwa kutengera momwe chidebecho chilili komanso momwe katunduyo amanyamulira, nthawi zambiri sichidutsa miyezi 12 kuchokera tsiku lomwe zidapangidwa. Ngati katunduyo sanatumizidwe mkati mwa nthawi yovomerezeka, ndipo zoyikapo zakunja zili bwino, bizinesiyo imatha kulembetsanso kuti iwunikenso ntchito. Pambuyo pochita kuyendera, fomu yowonjezeredwayo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutumizira kunja ndipo ikhalabe yovomerezeka mpaka miyezi 6 kuyambira tsiku lomaliza kuyendera.

Mabizinesi omwe akupanga zinthu zowopsa (mwachitsanzo, opanga mabatire a lithiamu kapena kutumiza kunja) akuyenera kutsata miyambo yakumalokoKatundu Woopsa Wotuluka Pakuyika Pakuyika Gwiritsani Ntchito Fomu Yakuyesa Zotsatira. Mabatire a lithiamu ayenera kuwonetsa mphamvu zovotera (W·h). Pakukhazikitsa kuwunika kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka katundu wonyamula katundu wowopsa, miyamboyo idzaganizira izi:

• Zolemba zomveka bwino, zotetezedwa, ndi zolondola za UN, zidziwitso zamagulu, ndi zizindikiro zazinthu zoopsa ziyenera kusindikizidwa pachotengera. Zolemba, zizindikiro, ndi zoyikapo ziyenera kutsata zofunikira.
• Maonekedwe akunja a choyikapo ayenera kukhala oyera, osasiya zotsalira, kuipitsidwa, kapena kutayikira kololedwa.
• Pomanga mabokosi amatabwa kapena fiberboard okhala ndi misomali, ayenera kukhomeredwa mwamphamvu, ndipo nsonga za misomali ziyenera kupindika. Nsonga za misomali ndi zipewa siziyenera kutuluka. Bokosilo liyenera kukhala losasunthika, ndipo zomangira ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuzungulira bokosilo. Mabokosi a mapepala okhala ndi malata ayenera kukhala osawonongeka, otsekedwa bwino ndi olimba, ndipo zomangira ziyenera kukhala zothina mozungulira bokosilo.
• Payenera kukhala zida zosagwiritsa ntchito pakati pa mabatire amodzi kapena mapaketi a batire ndi mabatire opakidwa kuti mupewe kulumikizana.
• Mabatire amayenera kukhala ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza zazifupi.
• Ma elekitirodi a mabatire sayenera kuthandizira kulemera kwa mabatire ena osanjikizana.
• Zofunikira zapadera pakuyika mabatire a lithiamu kapena mapaketi a batri zili m'malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Kuphwanya Wamba

Kuchokera pakuphwanya kofala pakutumiza kwa mabatire a lithiamu, nkhani zazikulu zomwe zimadziwika ndi miyambo ndi monga: makampani akulephera kulembetsaKatundu Woopsa Wotuluka Pakuyika Pakuyika Gwiritsani Ntchito Fomu Yakuyesa Zotsatirapopanda kukwaniritsa ziyeneretso zachikhululukiro; zizindikiro za batri ya lithiamu pamapaketi akunja ataphimbidwa kapena osawonetsedwa ngati pakufunika.

Zolemba Zolemba

• Kodi ma batire a lithiamu atha kusindikizidwa papepala la A4?

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusindikiza pa pepala la A4 chifukwa zingayambitse kuwonongeka kapena kutayika. Pa zoyendera panyanja, zilembo zoyendera ziyenera kukhala zomveka komanso zowonekera ngakhale mutaviika m'madzi a m'nyanja kupitilira miyezi itatu.

• Kodi malembo a mayendedwe a Class 9 mu TDG ali ndi chidule chatsatanetsatane? Kodi zolembera zopanda mizera amaonedwa kuti sizikugwirizana?

Malinga ndi malamulo a zilembo za mu Gawo 5.2.2.2, TDG Volume 2, ngati chizindikirocho chayikidwa kumbuyo kosiyana, palibe chifukwa chofotokozera m'mphepete mwakunja ndi mzere wodukiza.

Momwe mungayesere kugwiritsa ntchito makabati osungira mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu ndi kukula kopitilira muyeso wa kuwunika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa katundu wowopsa?

Kwa makabati osungiramo mphamvu okhala ndi mabatire a lithiamu omangidwa, popeza alibe ma CD akunja, samagwera mkati mwa kuwunika kwazinthu zowopsa. Chifukwa chake, palibe chifukwa chotumizira zikalata kumayendedwe azinthu zowopsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuyika katundu.

Zofunikira pakulowetsa mabatire a lithiamu-ion?

kuyang'anira katundu wowopsa.

Kutumiza kwa mabatire a lithiamu, lipoti la UN38.3 ndilokwanira, ndipo palibe chifukwa chochitira.