Mbiri

Mavuto amphamvu apangitsa kuti lithiamu-ion battery energy storage systems (ESS) ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, koma pakhalanso ngozi zambiri zoopsa zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi chilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwachuma, ngakhale kutaya kwa moyo. Kufufuza kwapeza kuti ngakhale ESS yakwaniritsa miyezo yokhudzana ndi machitidwe a batri, monga UL 9540 ndi UL 9540A, nkhanza za kutentha ndi moto zachitika. Choncho, kuphunzira maphunziro pazochitika zakale ndikuwunika zoopsa ndi zotsutsana nazo zidzapindulitsa chitukuko cha teknoloji ya ESS.

Ndemanga za milandu

Zotsatirazi zikufotokozera mwachidule za ngozi zazikulu za ESS padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2019 mpaka pano, zomwe zanenedwa poyera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zomwe zili pamwambazi zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:

1) Kulephera kwa selo lamkati kumayambitsa kutenthedwa kwa batri ndi module, ndipo pamapeto pake kumapangitsa kuti ESS yonse igwire moto kapena kuphulika.

Kulephera kobwera chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa ma cell kumawonedwa makamaka kuti moto wotsatiridwa ndi kuphulika. Mwachitsanzo, ngozi zapamalo opangira magetsi a McMicken ku Arizona, USA mu 2019 komanso malo opangira magetsi a Fengtai ku Beijing, China mu 2021 zonse zidaphulika moto utayaka. Chodabwitsa choterocho chimayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa selo limodzi, lomwe limayambitsa mankhwala amkati, kutulutsa kutentha (exothermic reaction), ndipo kutentha kumapitirira kukwera ndikufalikira ku maselo oyandikana nawo ndi ma modules, kuchititsa moto kapena kuphulika. Kulephera kwa selo nthawi zambiri kumayamba chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kapena kulephera kwa dongosolo, kuwonekera kwamafuta, mawonekedwe akunja akunja ndi dera lalifupi lamkati (zomwe zimatha chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana monga indentation kapena dent, zonyansa zakuthupi, kulowa ndi zinthu zakunja, ndi zina zambiri. ).

Pambuyo pakutentha kwa cell, gasi woyaka moto amapangidwa. Kuchokera pamwamba mukhoza kuzindikira kuti milandu itatu yoyamba ya kuphulika ili ndi chifukwa chomwecho, ndiko kuti mpweya woyaka moto sungathe kutulutsa nthawi yake. Panthawiyi, batire, module ndi makina opangira mpweya wotengera ndizofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mipweya imatulutsidwa mu batri kudzera mu valavu yotulutsa mpweya, ndipo kukakamiza kwa valve yotulutsa mpweya kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyaka. Mu gawo la module, chowotcha chakunja kapena chozizira cha chipolopolo chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kuchulukana kwa mpweya woyaka. Pomaliza, mu gawo la chidebe, malo olowera mpweya wabwino komanso makina owunikira amafunikiranso kuti atulutse mpweya woyaka.

2) Kulephera kwa ESS chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dongosolo lothandizira lakunja

Kulephera kwathunthu kwa ESS komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dongosolo lothandizira kumachitika kunja kwa batire ndipo kumatha kupangitsa kuyaka kapena kusuta kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja. Ndipo pamene dongosolo limayang'anira ndi kuyankha pa nthawi yake, silingabweretse kulephera kwa selo kapena kutentha kwa thupi. Pangozi za Vistra Moss Landing Power station Phase 1 2021 ndi Phase 2 2022, utsi ndi moto zidapangidwa chifukwa chowunikira zolakwika ndi zida zolephereka zamagetsi zidazimitsidwa panthawiyo panthawi yotumiza ndipo sanathe kuyankha munthawi yake. . Kuyaka kwamtundu uwu nthawi zambiri kumayambira kunja kwa batire isanafalikire mkati mwa selo, kotero kuti palibe chiwawa chowopsa komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe kuphulika. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati makina opopera amatha kuyatsidwa munthawi yake, sizingawononge kwambiri malowo.

Ngozi yamoto ya "Victorian Power Station" ku Geelong, Australia mu 2021 idachitika chifukwa chafupikitsa mu batri chifukwa cha kutayikira koziziritsa, komwe kumatikumbutsa kuti tizisamala kudzipatula kwa batire. Ndikoyenera kusunga malo ena pakati pa zipangizo zakunja ndi dongosolo la batri kuti tipewe kusokonezana. Dongosolo la batri liyeneranso kukhala ndi ntchito yotchinjiriza kuti tipewe kuzungulira kwakunja.

Zotsutsa

Kuchokera kusanthula pamwambapa, zikuwonekeratu kuti zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi za ESS ndizowonongeka kwa kutentha kwa selo ndi kulephera kwa dongosolo lothandizira. Ngati kulephera sikungalephereke, ndiye kuti kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwina pambuyo polephera kutsekereza kungachepetsenso kutayika. The countermeasures akhoza kuganiziridwa kuchokera mbali zotsatirazi:

Kutsekereza kufalikira kwa matenthedwe pambuyo pochita nkhanza za cell

Chotchinga chotchinga chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti aletse kufalikira kwa nkhanza zotentha za cell, zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa maselo, pakati pa ma module kapena pakati pa ma racks. Muzowonjezera za NFPA 855 (Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems), mutha kupezanso zofunikira zokhudzana ndi izi. Njira zapadera zodzipatula zotchinga zimaphatikizapo kuyika mbale zamadzi ozizira, airgel ndi zokonda pakati pa ma cell.

Chida chozimitsa moto ku dongosolo la batri likhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti lizitha kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti liyambitse chipangizo chozimitsa moto pamene nkhanza zotentha zimachitika mu selo limodzi. Chemistry kumbuyo kwa ngozi zamoto za lithiamu-ion kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yosiyana yochepetsera moto yosungiramo mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu kuposa njira zozimitsa moto, zomwe sizimangozimitsa moto, komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa batri. Kupanda kutero, ma exothermic chemical reaction of the cell apitilira kuchitika ndikuyambitsa kuyatsanso.

Chisamaliro chowonjezereka chimafunikanso posankha zipangizo zozimitsira moto. Ngati madzi opopera mwachindunji pa chotengera batire choyaka akhoza kutulutsa mpweya woyaka osakaniza. Ndipo ngati chotengera cha batire kapena chimango chapangidwa ndi chitsulo, madzi sangalepheretse kuwononga matenthedwe. Nthawi zina zimawonetsa kuti madzi kapena mitundu ina yamadzimadzi yolumikizana ndi mabatire amathanso kukulitsa moto. Mwachitsanzo, pangozi yamoto ya Vistra Moss Landing power station mu Seputembara 2021, malipoti adawonetsa kuti mapaipi ozizirira ndi ma mapaipi adalephera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti madzi atsike pamabatire ndikupangitsa mabatire kuti aziyenda pang'onopang'ono.

1.Kutulutsa kwapanthawi yake kwa mpweya woyaka

Malipoti onse omwe ali pamwambawa akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyaka monga chomwe chimayambitsa kuphulika. Choncho, mapangidwe a malo, kuyang'anira gasi ndi mpweya wabwino ndi zofunika kuti achepetse ngoziyi. Mu NFPA 855 muyezo umatchulidwa kuti njira yowunikira gasi yopitilira ikufunika. Pamene mulingo wina wa mpweya woyaka (ie 25% ya LFL) upezeka, makinawo amayamba kutulutsa mpweya wabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, muyeso woyeserera wa UL 9540A umatchulanso kufunikira kotolera utsi ndikuwona malire apansi a mpweya wa LFL.

Kuphatikiza pa kutulutsa mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo othandizira kuphulika kumalimbikitsidwanso. Zatchulidwa mu NFPA 855 kuti ma ESS ayenera kuikidwa ndi kusungidwa motsatira NFPA 68 (Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting) ndi NFPA 69 (Standards on Explosion Protection Systems). Komabe, makinawo akatsatira Mayeso a Moto ndi Kuphulika (UL 9540A kapena zofanana), akhoza kumasulidwa ku izi. Komabe, popeza mikhalidwe yoyezetsa siyikuyimira zenizeni zenizeni, kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo cha kuphulika kumalimbikitsidwa.

2.Kulephera kupewa machitidwe othandizira

Kusakwanira kwa mapulogalamu / mapulogalamu a firmware ndi kutumiza / kuyambitsirana koyambirira kunathandiziranso zochitika zamoto za Victorian Power Station ndi Vistra Moss Landing Power Station. Mumoto wa Victorian Power Station, nkhanza zotentha zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi imodzi mwa ma modules sizinadziwike kapena kutsekedwa, ndipo moto wotsatira sunasokonezedwe. Chifukwa chomwe izi zidachitikira ndikuti kutumidwa sikunali kofunikira panthawiyo, ndipo makinawo adatsekedwa pamanja, kuphatikiza ma telemetry system, kuwunika zolakwika ndi chipangizo chamagetsi cholephera kulephera. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo la Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) nalonso silinagwire ntchito, popeza zidatenga maola a 24 kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa zida.

Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ma module aliwonse osagwira ntchito azikhala ndi zida monga telemetry yogwira, kuyang'anira zolakwika ndi zida zachitetezo chamagetsi, m'malo mozimitsidwa pamanja kudzera pa switch yotsekera. Zida zonse zotetezera chitetezo chamagetsi ziyenera kukhala zogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma alarm owonjezera ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti azindikire ndikuyankha zochitika zosiyanasiyana zadzidzidzi.

Cholakwika cha pulogalamu yamapulogalamu chinapezekanso mu Vistra Moss Landing Power station Phase 1 ndi 2, popeza poyambira sidadutse, sink ya kutentha kwa batri idatsegulidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, madzi chitoliro cholumikizira kulephera ndi kutayikira chapamwamba wosanjikiza batire kupanga madzi kupezeka kwa gawo batire ndiyeno chifukwa dera lalifupi. Zitsanzo ziwirizi zikuwonetsa momwe kulili kofunikira kuti mapulogalamu a pulogalamu / firmware awonedwe ndikusinthidwa asanayambe njira yoyambira.

Chidule

Kupyolera mu kuwunika kwa ngozi zingapo zamoto m'malo osungiramo mphamvu, chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa mpweya wabwino ndi kuphulika, kuyika koyenera ndi njira zotumizira, kuphatikizapo kufufuza mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu, zomwe zingalepheretse ngozi za batri. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko yakuyankhidwa kwadzidzidzi iyenera kupangidwa kuti ithane ndi kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni ndi zinthu.